Response of Blood Plasma Glucose, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, Insulin and Food Intake to Bovine Insulin in Geese and Cockerels

Nir, I.; Levy, Vered

doi:10.3382/ps.0520886

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Surprisingly, insulin injection produced no effect on triglyceride levels at either dose. In light of previous studies where insulin increased NEFA levels in whitecrowned sparrows (5) and domestic hens (17) and also increased triglyceride levels in geese (28), it is unclear what the relationship is between insulin and plasma lipids in birds. As with the effects of Cort, the present study suggests that plasma lipid levels are tightly regulated in birds and may not deviate from a critical range, despite insulin action.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosterone and insulin interact to regulate glucose and triglyceride levels during stress in a bird

Remage‐Healey

Romero

2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

124

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Captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were exposed to the stress of handling and restraint while corticosterone, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations were monitored in blood plasma. In saline-injected controls, basal samples were taken within 3 min of disturbance with subsequent samples taken at 40, 70, and 150 min. This was repeated at two times during the daily cycle (day and night) on two different photoperiods: short and long days. During both photoperiods, corticosterone concentrations approximately tripled (compared with a sixfold increase in free-living starlings) and triglyceride concentrations decreased 25-45% in response to stress at both times of the day, whereas an approximately 25% stress-induced hyperglycemia occurred only at night. Exogenous corticosterone (200 microg), 1.0 or 4.0 IU/kg of insulin, or a combination of corticosterone with each insulin dose was then separately administered to alter the above responses. Insulin did not affect corticosterone or triglyceride concentrations but resulted in a dose-dependent hypoglycemia of 10-40%. Injected corticosterone resulted in supraphysiological corticosterone concentrations (three- to fivefold higher than normal), yet it did not affect the already altered plasma glucose or triglyceride concentrations. This suggests that glucose output and triglyceride decreases were already maximal in response to handling and restraint. However, the low glucose concentrations resulting from exogenous insulin returned to basal quicker with exogenous corticosterone but only during the day. No response to either hormone showed photoperiodic differences. These data suggest that corticosterone's role in metabolism changes to meet varying energetic demands throughout the day.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosterone and insulin interact to regulate glucose and triglyceride levels during stress in a bird

Remage‐Healey

Romero

2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

124

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“…If insulin increased plasma free fatty acids in the avian embryo, as it does in the adult chicken (Nir and Levy, 1973), the increased precursor pool mi itself stimulate synthesis of s~r~a~~~~~ phospholipids, as has recently been shown to occur in the rat lung (Feldman et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ontogeny of embryonic chicken lung: Effects of pituitary gland, corticosterone, and other hormones upon pulmonary growth and synthesis of surfactant phospholipids

Hylka

Doneen

1983

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The actions of hormones on growth, cellular proliferation, and on synthetic rates of the major surfactant phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and disaturated PC (DSPC), were studied in the lung of the chick embryo. Particular emphasis was placed on the effects of hypophysectomy, pituitary transplantation, and treatment with corticosterone (CORT). One study was concerned with hydrocortisone (HYCORT), estrogen (E2), thyroxine (T4), ovine prolactin (oPRL), and insulin. Hypophysectomy interfered with the normal gain in protein, the progressive dehydration of the embryonic lung, and also caused a reduction in the number of pulmonary cells on Days 16 and 18 of incubation. Absence of the pituitary gland diminished pulmonary PC by Day 16. Transplantation of one pituitary gland or exogenous CORT partially restored pulmonary phospholipid and PC (normalized per wet weight) in hypophysectomized (hypox) embryos. Transplantation also restored relative protein content in lungs of hypox individuals. Beyond this, transplantation was generally ineffective in reversing deficits of hypox individuals. All concentrations of CORT administered (30-100-300 micrograms) reduced the rate of pulmonary cell division. The highest dose was toxic as judged by its capacity to cause cellular death. Treatment of intact chicken embryos with CORT or E2 for two days stimulated incorporation of [14C]choline into PC and DSPC (the most surface-active component of PC) in the lungs of Day 17 embryos. CORT, but not E2, stimulated DSPC synthesis when treatment was increased to 3 days. Other hormones tested (T4, oPRL, insulin, and HYCORT) had no effect upon the rate of incorporation of [14C]choline into PC or DSPC. These results indicate that during ontogeny the avian lung becomes sensitive to CORT, and possibly E2, prior to 16 days of incubation. CORT, in particular, acts both to trigger the prehatching stimulation of surfactant phospholipid synthesis, especially the vital DSPC fraction, and to slow the rate of pulmonary cellular division coincident with biochemical differentiation of the surfactant system.

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“…were used. Recently, Nir and Levy (1973) reported decreased food intake for a 24 hour period after 5 U./Kg. of insulin was administered to cockerels and geese.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does a Glucostatic Mechanism for Food Intake Control Exist in Chickens?

Smith

Bright-Taylor

1974

Poultry Science

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A series of experiments involving modification of the circulating blood glucose level were performed in an attempt to ascertain whether or not the glucostatic mechanism of food intake control is operative in chickens. The use of insulin, glucagon, glucose or fructose to modify the circulating level of glucose did not result in any significantly consistent alterations in food intake over the four hour testing period. The data raised the possibility that the glucostatic mechanism of food intake control, as it has been proposed for mammals, is either not present in birds, or operates in a manner which is not readily detectable using protocols that are effective in mammals.

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Response of Blood Plasma Glucose, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides, Insulin and Food Intake to Bovine Insulin in Geese and Cockerels

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Corticosterone and insulin interact to regulate glucose and triglyceride levels during stress in a bird

Corticosterone and insulin interact to regulate glucose and triglyceride levels during stress in a bird

Ontogeny of embryonic chicken lung: Effects of pituitary gland, corticosterone, and other hormones upon pulmonary growth and synthesis of surfactant phospholipids

Does a Glucostatic Mechanism for Food Intake Control Exist in Chickens?

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