Response of atmospheric circulation to multiscale SST anomaly associated with Kuroshio Extension decadal variability warming in winter

Response of North Pacific storm tracks to multiscale SST anomalies in a stable state of the Kuroshio extension system during the cold season

“…The SST data, i.e., data on the initial values and boundaries used in model experiments, are the same as in work (Zhang et al, 2021). The scheme of numerical ensemble experiments is also consistent with work (Zhang et al, 2021).…”

“…The SST data, i.e., data on the initial values and boundaries used in model experiments, are the same as in work (Zhang et al, 2021). The scheme of numerical ensemble experiments is also consistent with work (Zhang et al, 2021). A total of three sets of ensemble numerical experiments with different initial values are designed, and each group has 16 members with different initial values.…”

“…Due to the nonlinear nature of the Clapeyron-Clausius function, the positive and negative diabatic heating associated with warm eddies and cold eddies cannot cancel each other, which leads to positive net water vapor flux and diabatic heating after adding cold eddies and warm eddies randomly. The ensemble numerical experiment in Zhang et al (2021) mainly investigated the feedback effects of mesoscale SSTAs and large-scale warming SSTAs on largescale low-frequency atmospheric circulation. It was found that mesoscale SSTAs could strengthen the westerly jet with a shift to northward, and at the same time, mesoscale SSTAs could stimulate a remarkable counterclockwise circulation, similar to a Ferrell cell.…”

“…From the above, KE-related SSTAs present obvious multispatial scale characteristics, and all of them have significant impacts on storm track anomalies. Because storm tracks are important factors that modulate the atmospheric response to mid-latitude SSTAs (Peng and Whitaker 1999;Kushnir et al, 2002;Taguchi et al, 2012;Okajima et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2021), clarifying the impacts of KE-related multiscale SSTAs, especially KE-related mesoscale SSTAs, on storm tracks is critical to deepening our understanding of the climatological effects of the KE system. Therefore, our objective is to highlight the differential responses of North Pacific storm tracks to the large-scale and mesoscale SSTAs in the KE.…”

“…Therefore, our objective is to highlight the differential responses of North Pacific storm tracks to the large-scale and mesoscale SSTAs in the KE. We use ensemble numerical experiments to diagnose the fundamental mechanisms involving this air-sea interaction (Zhang et al, 2021). The remainder of this article is organized as follows: The datasets and methods used in this study are briefly introduced in the next section.…”