Response of a Thickness-Shear-Mode Acoustic Wave Sensor to the Adsorption of Lipoprotein Particles

Abstract

The properties of three different lipoprotein films were investigated using a thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensor in conjunction with an oscillator circuit that provides an automatic gain control (AGC) output. The oscillator records a frequency shift that is dependent upon both the mass and dissipative properties of the film and associated overlayers, but the shift in AGC voltage (ΔAGC) depends only upon the dissipative properties of the film. The total recorded frequency shift (ΔF T) is treated as a sum of two terms: ΔF M, the mass contribution of the frequency shift, and ΔF D, the frequency shift attributed to energy dissipation. An empirical relationship between ΔF D and AGC is found by measuring both parameters in purely dissipative fluids, which were mixtures of glycerol and water in the experiments presented here, and establishing a calibration curve from the corresponding data. ΔF T and AGC changes were measured during the formation of lipoprotein films on the thickness shear mode (TSM) acoustic wave sensor. The AGC change measured for a lipoprotein film is converted to ΔF D. From this, the ΔF M for the film can then be determined by finding the difference between the total measured frequency shift for the film and ΔF D; the mass of the lipoprotein films is estimated using the Sauerbrey equation. The information provided by the AGC feature of the oscillator circuit reveals that films formed from the low-density lipoprotein fraction are rigid and dense as compared to films formed from the high and very-low-density lipoprotein fractions.

Adsorption of Bituminous Components at Oil/Water Interfaces Investigated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Implications to the Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

“…We chose the latter solution because we think that application developments are still worthwhile. Our correction is similar but not identical to that used by Snellings et al who introduced a viscoelastic correction based on the energy dissipation of the adsorbed film.…”

A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions

“…QCM has been used with supported lipid monolayers (Liebau et al, 2001), bilayers (Reimhult et al, 2002a), captured vesicle layers (Reimhult et al, 2003) and LB and Langmuir-Schäfer films (Caseli et al, 2002). Measurements of the viscoelasticity of membranes related to the motional resistance of the sensor, have been used to determine a variety of physical parameters including: adsorption kinetics (Snellings et al, 2001;Eing et al, 2002;Glasmastar et al, 2002;Kastl et al, 2002), lipid-phase transitions (Seantier et al, 2004(Seantier et al, , 2005, lipid leaflet distribution (Richter et al, 2005b), membrane morphology (Ha and Kim, 2001) and a wide variety of other parameters central to supported membrane formation from solution phase (Stalgren et al, 2001(Stalgren et al, , 2002Gotoh and Tagawa, 2002;Reimhult et al, 2002b;Graneli et al, 2003Graneli et al, , 2004Luthgens et al, 2003;Munro and Frank, 2003;Richter et al, 2003;Faiss et al, 2004;Michel et al, 2004;Olofsson et al, 2004;Weng et al, 2004;Reviakine et al, 2005;Richter and Brisson, 2005;Richter et al, 2005a). The manifold number of analyte-membrane/receptor combinations possible with a label-free piezoelectric sensor is apparent from diverse types of measurements reported for a range of analytes.…”

Advances in membrane receptor screening and analysis

“…These versatile sensors have been used with supported lipid monolayers (Liebau et al, 2001) and bilayers (Ha et al, 2000;Keller and Kasemo, 1998;Reimhult et al, 2002a), captured vesicle layers (Reimhult et al, 2002b;Tjarnhage and Puu, 1996), Langmuir-Blodgett (Ariga and Okahata, 1994;Ariga et al, 1995;Sato et al, 1998) and Langmuir-Schäfer films. Measurements of the visco-elasticity of membranes, which are related to the motional resistance of the sensor, have been used to determine a variety of physical parameters including: adsorption kinetics (Glasmastar et al, 2002;Kastl et al, 2002;Keller and Kasemo, 1998;Snellings et al, 2001;Tjarnhage and Puu, 1996), membrane hydration (Colberg et al, 1998(Colberg et al, , 1999Wakamatsu et al, 1995), lipid-phase and membrane morphology (Colberg et al, 1999;Ha and Kim, 2001;Keller and Kasemo, 1998;Kim et al, 1996;Puu et al, 2000). QCRS and reconstituted functional membrane-receptor systems have been used in the study of ion channels (Amemiya and Umezawa, 1997;Buhlmann et al, 1998;Hepel, 2001), lipases (Kobayashi et al, 2001), acylases (Phadtare et al, 2002), phosphatases (Caseli et al, 2002), oxidases (including glucose oxidase (Snejdarkova et al, 2001;Sun et al, 1991) and cytochrome c oxidase (Rhoten et al, 2002), and gangliosides (Janshoff et al, 1996;Miura et al, 2002;Sato et al, 1996).…”