Response of a Dense Sand Deposit During 1993 Kushiro-Oki Earthquake

Iai, Susumu; Morita, Toshikazu; Kameoka, Tomohiro; Matsunaga, Yasuo; Abiko, Kazuyuki

doi:10.3208/sandf1972.35.115

Cited by 111 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Downhole array recordings obtained in seismically active areas in the recent years (e.g., Japan, Taiwan, California, and Greece) have significantly contributed to the advancement of understanding on the critical mechanisms that govern the seismic response of near-surface geological formations, thus being a valuable complement to existing in situ and laboratory techniques. Among others, borehole measurements provided direct in situ evidence of nonlinearity (e.g., Seed and Idriss, 1970;Wen et al, 1994;Zeghal and Elgamal, 1994;Iai et al, 1995;Sato et al, 1996;Aguirre and Irikura, 1997;Satoh et al, 2001); they have invited a reevaluation of the use of surface-rock recordings as input motion to soil columns (e.g., Satoh et al, 1995;Steidl et al, 1996;Boore and Joyner, 1997), and they have provided basic information about scaling and alluvium sites are located at the surface (e.g., Borcherdt, 1970;Hartzell, 1992;Margheriti et al, 1994;Field and Jacob, 1995;Kato et al, 1995;Field, 1996;Hartzell et al, 1996;Su et al, 1996;Bonilla et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Assimaki¹,

Wei²,

Steidl³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Weak-motion geotechnical array recordings at 38 stations of the Japanese strong-motion network KiK-Net from the 2003 M w 7:0 Miyagi-Oki aftershock sequence are used here to quantify the amplification and attenuation effects of nearsurface formations to incident seismic motion. Initially, a seismic waveform optimization algorithm is implemented for the evaluation of high-resolution, low-strain velocity (V s ), attenuation (Q s ), and density (ρ) profiles at the sites of interest. Based on the inversion results, V s versus Q s correlations are developed, and scattering versus intrinsic attenuation effects are accounted for in their physical interpretation. Surfaceto-downhole traditional spectral ratios (SSR), cross-spectral ratios (c-SSR), and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) site-response estimates are next evaluated and compared, while their effectiveness is assessed as a function of the site conditions classified on the basis of the weighted average V s of the upper 30 m (V s30 ) of the formations. Single and reference-station site-response estimates are successively compared to surface-to-rock outcrop amplification spectra and are evaluated by deconvolution of the downhole records based on the inversion results; comparison of the observed SSR and estimated surface-to-rock outcrop amplification spectra illustrates the effects of destructive interference of downgoing waves at the downhole instrument level as a function of the site class. Site amplification factors are successively computed in reference to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) B-C boundary site conditions (V s30 760 m=sec), and results are compared to published values developed on the basis of strong-motion data and site-response analyses. Finally, weak-motion SSR estimates are compared to the mainshock spectra, and conclusions are drawn for the implications of soil nonlinearity in the near surface. Results presented in this article suggest that currently employed site classification criteria need to be reevaluated to ensure intraclass consistency in the assessment of amplification potentials and nonlinearity susceptibility of near-surficial soil formations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence

Assimaki¹,

Wei²,

Steidl³

et al. 2008

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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show abstract

“…The earthquake magnitude was 7.8(M w ) and the site experienced peak ground accelerations of approximately 0.47g (Iai et al, 1995). The soil profile consisted of loose to medium hydraulic sand fill underlain by dense gravelly sand deposits.…”

Section: Performance Of Stone Columns During Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Seismic Risk to Highway Mobility: Assessment and Design Examples for Pile Foundations Affected by Lateral Spreading

Ashford¹,

Scott²,

Rayamajhi³

2013

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“…Conversely, Kushiro Port is composed of dense sands and shows, in the accelerometer located at ground level, large acceleration spikes that are even higher than their counterpart at depth. Iai et al, (1995), Archuleta (1998), andBonilla et al, (2005) showed that the appearance of large acceleration peak values riding a low frequency carrier are an indicator of soil nonlinearity known as cyclic mobility. Laboratory studies show that the physical mechanism that produces such phenomenon is the dilatant nature of cohesionless soils, which introduces the partial recovery of the shear strength under cyclic loads.…”

Section: Nonlinear Soil Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%