Responsabilidade social empresarial e multinacionais chinesas do petróleo na indústria de petróleo e gás da Nigéria: Uma avaliação

Multinational Oil Firms' CSR Initiatives in Nigeria: The Need of Rural Farmers in Host Communities

“…In Nigeria, oil is mainly extracted in the Niger Delta region. The major oil MNCs operating in the oil and gas sector of Nigeria includes Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Total, Eni, Addax amongst others (Ekhator, ). These MNCs are either in joint‐venture or production sharing arrangements with the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC).…”

“…In Nigeria, academics such as Ekhator (), Edoho (), Frynas (), Akpan (), Tuodolo (, ), Eweje (), Idemudia and Ite () and others have argued that CSR process in Nigeria is not far reaching or deeply entrenched. Thus, it has been contended that some of these CSR initiatives are not carried out on a coherent basis and not always sustained (Amaeshi et al, ).…”

Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria and Rural Youths in Sustainable Traditional Industries Livelihood in Oil Producing Communities

“…This suggests that the Monrovia principle (African conceptualization of CSR) is gradually being reflected in CSR activities in Nigeria. This information indicates that local communities are being consulted more often as recommended in Ekhator (). The finding agreed with the call of Frynas (), to pattern CSR initiative in Nigeria like the Akassa model in Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region, where the initiatives were based entirely on grassroots priorities, driven not by outsiders deciding which specific initiative to be implemented, but decisions made were largely by the local people.…”

“…Quite a number of other studies have also analysed the CSR concept and initiatives of MOCs long‐term effect and beneficiaries in the oil producing communities. They include Ekhator (), Muthri, Moon and Idemudia (), Renouard and Lado (), Lompo and Trani () and Philips (). However, the extant literature lacks an approach of the artisanal traditional industries livelihood (TIL) in the Niger Delta from CSR perspective.…”

China´s Economic Policy to Nigeria in Oil Affairs

“…The International Monetary Fund estimates that the oil and gas sector in Nigeria accounts for over 95% of the foreign export earnings and about 65% of the Nigerian government revenue (IMF, 2013). The Oil and Gas Journal posits that Nigeria had an estimated 37.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves as of January 2011 (Ekhator, 2014).…”