Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity

Pusch, Emanuel; Renz, Harald; Skevaki, Chrysanthi

doi:10.1007/s15007-018-1580-4

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 158 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, this "heterologous immunity" against other viruses may cause harm (eg, autoimmune disorders) rather than benefits. 26 Nelson et al 14 explained the likelihood of influenza vaccine effectiveness overestimation during influenza seasons secondary to healthy vaccinee bias. According to this concept, individuals with health-promoting behaviors are more likely to adhere to the annually recommended vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

Hosseini-Moghaddam

Calzavara

et al. 2022

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceVaccine effectiveness studies have rarely implemented strategies to reduce the healthy vaccinee bias arising from differences in health care–seeking behavior between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Although previous observational studies suggest that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes, the healthy vaccinee bias may have led to overestimating the vaccination effect.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted over 2 consecutive influenza vaccination campaigns (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), owing to the substantial COVID-19 burden and the greater validity of influenza vaccination data in the studied age group. The study population included community-dwelling adults aged 66 years or older in Ontario, Canada.ExposureInfluenza vaccination for a given season.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcomes of interest included SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2–associated death, and a composite of SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes, censoring individuals who moved into long-term care, received COVID-19 vaccines, or died before the observation period end date. Primary care periodic health examinations (PHEs) were explored as a negative tracer exposure (ie, no association expected with SARS-CoV-2 outcomes) and as an effect modifier of the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 outcomes.ResultsOf 2 922 449 individuals aged 66 years or older (54.2% female) living in Ontario, 2 279 805 were included in the study. Among these, 1 234 647 (54.2%) were female and 1 045 158 (45.8%) were male; their mean (SD) age was 75.08 (7.21) years. Those who had received influenza vaccination exhibited a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than unvaccinated individuals for the 2019-2020 cohort (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84) and the 2020-2021 cohort (aHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.74-0.78). This association was also observed for SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death (2019-2020: aHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92; 2020-2021: aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63-0.70). Similarly, undergoing a PHE was also associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.91) and SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.90), and modified the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection for vaccinated individuals who underwent PHE (aHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52-0.74) and for vaccinated individuals who did not undergo PHE (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87), and also SARS-CoV-2–associated hospitalization or death in vaccinated individuals who underwent PHE (aHR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.88) and vaccinated individuals who did not undergo PHE (aHR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.76-0.95).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that undergoing a PHE may at least partially modify the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2–associated outcomes in individuals aged 66 years or older, providing evidence of the healthy vaccinee bias that may affect vaccine effectiveness studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the protective effect of influenza vaccination against infection with noninfluenza respiratory viruses does not appear biologically plausible. Moreover, this “heterologous immunity” against other viruses may cause harm (eg, autoimmune disorders) rather than benefits …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

Hosseini-Moghaddam

Calzavara

et al. 2022

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Common respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus, coxsackie virus, adenovirus etc. continue to circulate among humans, often without serious consequences to human life, and thus provide a constant source of antigenic exposures [45]. Seroprevalence of Ad5 can approach >90% in certain areas and populations of the world, with the highest seropositivity in older populations [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens

Agrawal

Gupta

Vedi

et al. 2019

Cells

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Host immune responses play an important role in the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). They can lead to viral clearance and a positive outcome, or progression and severity of chronic disease. Extensive research in the past >25 years into understanding the immune responses against HCV have still resulted in many unanswered questions implicating a role for unknown factors and events. In our earlier studies, we made a surprising discovery that peptides derived from structural and non-structural proteins of HCV have substantial amino acid sequence homologies with various proteins of adenoviruses and that immunizing mice with a non-replicating, non-recombinant adenovirus vector leads to induction of a robust cross-reactive cellular and humoral response against various HCV antigens. In this work, we further demonstrate antibody cross-reactivity between Ad and HCV in vivo. We also extend this observation to show that recombinant adenoviruses containing antigens from unrelated pathogens also possess the ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against HCV antigens along with the induction of transgene antigen-specific immunity. This cross-reactive immunity can (a) accommodate the making of dual-pathogen vaccines, (b) play an important role in the natural course of HCV infection and (c) provide a plausible answer to many unexplained questions regarding immunity to HCV.

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“…unter 500 / µl. Die klinische Relevanz der Eosinophilie liegt vor allem im Hinweis auf eine möglicherweise bisher nicht diagnostizierte Grundkrankheit und in einer potentiell rasch progredienten Organschädigung, welche die aktivierten Eosinophilen bei bestimmten Erkrankungen hervorrufen können 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 .…”

Section: Methodikunclassified

Positionspapier: Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Mepolizumab bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi (CRSwNP) im deutschen Gesundheitssystem – Empfehlungen des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) und der AGs Klinische Immunologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin und Rhinologie und Rhinochirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC)

Klimek

Förster‐Ruhrmann

Beule

et al. 2022

Laryngorhinootologie

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung der paranasalen Schleimhäute, der als häufigstem Endotyp eine eosinophile Inflammation zugrunde liegt. Der Anti-IL-5-Antikörper Mepolizumab wurde im November 2021 für die Therapie der schweren CRSwNP zugelassen. Methoden In einer Literatursuche wurde die Immunologie der CRSwNP analysiert und die vorhandene Evidenz ermittelt durch Recherchen in Medline, PubMed sowie den nationalen und internationalen Studien- und Leitlinien-Registern und der Cochrane Library. Es wurden Humanstudien berücksichtigt, die bis einschließlich 12/2021 publiziert wurden und in denen die Wirkung von Mepolizumab bei CRSwNP untersucht wurde. Ergebnis Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur und bisherigen Erfahrungen werden von einem Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Anwendung von Mepolizumab bei CRSwNP im deutschen Gesundheitssystem auf der Grundlage eines Dokumentationsbogens gegeben. Schlussfolgerungen Das Verständnis über die immunologischen Grundlagen der CRSwNP eröffnet neue nichtoperative Therapieansätze mit Biologika für Patienten mit schweren Verlaufsformen. Mepolizumab ist seit November 2021 zugelassen zur Zusatztherapie mit intranasalen Kortikosteroiden zur Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit schwerer CRSwNP, die mit systemischen Kortikosteroiden und/oder chirurgischem Eingriff nicht ausreichend kontrolliert werden können.

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Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity

Cited by 10 publications

References 158 publications

Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

Association of Influenza Vaccination With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Aged 66 Years or Older

Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens

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