Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

Al-Sayyar, Amnah; Hulme, Katina D.; Thibaut, Ronan; Bayry, Jagadeesh; Sheedy, Frederick J.; Short, Kirsty R.; Alzaïd, Fawaz

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.919223

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Among pulmonary tuberculosis patients con rmed to have COVID- diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor that increases the risk of disease severity and mortality. This may be due to increased susceptibility, including preexisting immune dysfunction, lack of metabolic exibility due to insulin resistance, genetic factors, inadequate quality of diet or adverse interactions with antidiabetic medications or common comorbidities [21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without Covid- 19 and the impact of type 2 DM

Fachri

Hatta

Ubaidah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) was great enough for COVID-19 to replace TB as the leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 stated that the number of TB cases reported was 845,000. The pandemic caused a decline in the detection of tuberculosis cases, and the attention of the Indonesian government became more focused on making COVID-19 a top priority in prevention and control measures so that tuberculosis cases were neglected. Methods This study used a cross-sectional. The research subjects were recruited using the consecutive sampling technique. The variable of this study was a comparison between pulmonary TB with confirmed COVID-19 and pulmonary TB without COVID-19 using the research subjects for total sampling. Bivariate analysis was used, which was carried out on two compared variables. Results Based on the results of this study, of the 127 samples studied, 101 pulmonary TB patients without COVID-19 and 26 pulmonary TB patients with confirmed COVID-19 were declared cured. This was observed more often among male patients than among female patients. Among TB patients with confirmed COVID-19, two age groups dominated, namely, the 17–25 (23.1%) and > 64 (23.1%) age groups. Moreover, most TB patients without COVID-19 were in the 26–35 age group (23.8%). The results of the length of treatment analysis among pulmonary TB patients without COVID-19 showed ≥ 6 months (82.2%) until these patients were cured. Moreover, the length of treatment for pulmonary TB patients with confirmed COVID-19 until they were declared cured was 7–9 months (61.5%). In this study, the number of pulmonary tuberculosis patients without COVID-19 who had type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) was 77.1%. Conclusions The treatment period for pulmonary tuberculosis patients with confirmed COVID-19 was significantly longer than that for pulmonary tuberculosis patients without COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without Covid- 19 and the impact of type 2 DM

Fachri

Hatta

Ubaidah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…o Between December 2020 to February 2021 (5) o Between March to May, 2021 (6) o June to August, 2021 (7) o September to November, 2021 (…”

Section: Supplementarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now know that the polymorphism of ACE2, the genes that regulate ACE2 expression and affinity to SARS-CoV-2, and that sex affect the susceptibility to COVID-19 (for example, [1][2][3][4][5]). Pre-existing conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes [5,6] as well as age [5] have also been found to affect vulnerability. Another key point that also emerged from previous studies was the geographical difference in the number of cases around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible roles of phytochemicals with bioactive properties in the prevention of and recovery from COVID-19

Koyama,

Shields,

Heinbockel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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PurposeThere have been large geographical differences in the infection and death rates of COVID-19. Foods and beverages containing high amounts of phytochemicals with bioactive properties were suggested to prevent contracting, to limit the severity of, and to facilitate recovery from COVID-19. The goal of our study was to determine the correlation of the type of foods/beverages people consumed and the risk reduction of contracting COVID-19 and the recovery from COVID-19.MethodsWe developed an online survey that asked the participants whether they contracted COVID-19, their symptoms, time to recover, and their frequency of eating various types of foods/beverages. The survey was first developed in English and then translated into 10 different languages.ResultsThe participants who did not contract COVID-19 consumed vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages significantly more than the participants who contracted COVID-19 and those who were not tested but became sick most likely from COVID-19. The geographic location of participants corresponded with the language of the survey, except for the English version, thus, nine out of the 10 language versions represented a country. Among the six countries (India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain) with over one hundred participants, we found that in India and Japan the people who contracted COVID-19 showed significantly shorter recovery time, and greater daily intake of vegetables, herbs/spices, and fermented foods/beverages was associated with faster recovery.ConclusionOur results suggest that phytochemical compounds included in the vegetables may have contributed in not only preventing contraction of COVID-19, but also accelerating their recovery. (249 words; EJN limit is 250 words)

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“…Diabetes, a major metabolic disorder, is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world [ 12 ]. Several studies have shown that diabetics infected with Influenza A (H1N1), MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV exhibit severe disease symptoms and succumb to death compared to non-diabetic individuals [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Similarly, infection with SARS-CoV-2 is also associated with severe complications in diabetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Diabetes Perspective—Pathophysiology and Management

et al. 2023

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Recent evidence relating to the impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes is limited but continues to emerge. COVID-19 pneumonia is a newly identified illness spreading rapidly throughout the world and causes many disabilities and fatal deaths. Over the ensuing 2 years, the indirect effects of the pandemic on healthcare delivery have become prominent, along with the lingering effects of the virus on those directly infected. Diabetes is a commonly identified risk factor that contributes not only to the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients, but also to the associated complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Diabetic patients are highly affected due to increased viral entry into the cells and decreased immunity. Several hypotheses to explain the increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes have been proposed and explained in detail recently. On the other hand, 20–50% of COVID-19 patients reported new-onset hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes, suggesting the two-way interactions between COVID-19 and diabetes. A systematic review is required to confirm diabetes as a complication in those patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Diabetes and diabetes-related complications in COVID-19 patients are primarily due to the acute illness caused during the SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by the release of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have been shown to drive hyperglycemia positively. This review provides brief insights into the potential mechanisms linking COVID-19 and diabetes, and presents clinical management recommendations for better handling of the disease.

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Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

Cited by 25 publications

References 199 publications

Comparison of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without Covid- 19 and the impact of type 2 DM

Comparison of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without Covid- 19 and the impact of type 2 DM

Possible roles of phytochemicals with bioactive properties in the prevention of and recovery from COVID-19

COVID-19: Diabetes Perspective—Pathophysiology and Management

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