Respiratory tract infections due to different rhinovirus serotypes and the influence of maternal antibodies on the clinical expression of the disease in infants

Abstract

Rhinoviruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions of 49 children hospitalized because of severe respiratory tract infection. The isolates were typed using 90 type-specific antisera. No obvious relation between certain serotypes and the severity of illness was found. Serum samples were drawn from all children simultaneously with the nasopharyngeal secretions and screened for the presence of type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Children aged 1 week to 6 months had higher neutralizing antibody titers and revealed a lower degree of morbidity than older children. The decline of neutralizing serum antibodies with increasing age was correlated with a higher incidence of severe disease in those aged 7-12 months. Nevertheless, also in this age group children with mild clinical courses of disease were observed despite a low concentration or an absence of neutralizing serum antibodies. This indicates that not only neutralizing serum antibodies, but other factors also influence the clinical expression of RHV-induced disease.

Prechallenge Antibodies: Moderators of Infection Rate, Signs, and Symptoms in Adults Experimentally Challenged With Rhinovirus Type 39

“…Past studies suggested that high specific serum antibody titers are associated with resistance to both natural and experimental homologous‐type rhinovirus infections 19‐23 . The present study supports this possibility in that 30% of the subjects with high antibody titers were protected from infection, as opposed to only 4% of the subjects with intermediate serum RV‐39 antibody titers and 2% of those with low RV‐39 antibody titers.…”

“…Before the RV‐39 challenge, 27% of the subjects in this randomly chosen adult population had high (16 or greater) RV‐39 serum antibody titers, and 35% had intermediate (greater than or equal to 2, 4, or 8) RV‐39 serum antibody titers. These antibody titer levels are most likely evidence of previous RV‐39 infection, since seroconversion has been reported for about 50% of infected cases and serum antibodies to rhinovirus are extremely type‐specific 8,9,14,19,20 . In the present study, 50% of the infected subjects in the LT group had at least a fourfold increase in RV‐39 specific serum antibody titer.…”

“…A number of factors have been implicated in moderating disease expression during viral URIs (e.g., stress levels and allergic status), with specific serum antibody levels recognized as a primary moderating factor 18‐23 . These serum antibodies most likely result from systemic immune responses to RV‐39 18 .…”

Human Rhinovirus 87 and Enterovirus 68 Represent a Unique Serotype with Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Features

“…Despite a careful search for rhinovirus and enterovirus isolation data, no references were found in the literature to the isolation of either EV68 or HRV87 from clinical specimens after their first appearance and characterization. Serotyping of rhinovirus isolates is laborious and has been carried out in only a few studies (6,14,16,18). However, the typing of enteroviruses has been widespread and has resulted in lengthy reports of clinical enterovirus findings.…”

Rhinovirus et infections respiratoires aiguës de l’enfant hospitalisé. Étude rétrospective de 1998 à 2000

“…Ils ont été isolés dans des cas de mort subite du nourrisson [7][8][9][10]. La gravité de l'infection à rhinovirus serait corrélée positivement avec la charge virale [11] et avec des facteurs tels que l'asthme, la mucoviscidose, la prématurité, une dysplasie bronchopulmonaire, le tabagisme passif, l'immunodépression [10,12,13]. Dans les années 1990, la connaissance du génome viral a permis de développer des outils moléculaires pour le diagnostic utilisant la Reverse-Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) [14].…”