Respiratory syncytial virus, recurrent wheeze and asthma: A narrative review of pathophysiology, prevention and future directions

Binns, Elly; Tuckerman, Jane; Licciardi, Paul V.; Wurzel, Danielle

doi:10.1111/jpc.16197

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The measures to control the transmission of infections were: the use of masks, social distancing, working from home, limiting gatherings, and increasing hygiene measures. These interventions, which were aimed at limiting the transmission of SARS-Cov-2, also had an important impact on other airborne viruses, such as influenza viruses, measles, rubella [35], respiratory syncytial virus, common human coronaviruses (HCoVs), parainfluenza viruses, and metapneumoviruses [36,37]. However, since most laboratories were busy battling the scourge of SARS-CoV-2, it is likely that the decrease in circulation was also compounded by the underdiagnosis of other airborne viruses [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Influenza and Other Airborne Transmission Viruses during the 2021/2022 Season in Hospitalized Subjects in Tuscany, Italy

et al. 2023

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Winter in the northern hemisphere is characterized by the circulation of influenza viruses, which cause seasonal epidemics, generally from October to April. Each influenza season has its own pattern, which differs from one year to the next in terms of the first influenza case notification, the period of highest incidence, and the predominant influenza virus subtypes. After the total absence of influenza viruses in the 2020/2021 season, cases of influenza were again recorded in the 2021/2022 season, although they remained below the seasonal average. Moreover, the co-circulation of the influenza virus and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus was also reported. In the context of the DRIVE study, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 129 Tuscan adults hospitalized for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and analyzed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 and 21 different airborne pathogens, including influenza viruses. In total, 55 subjects tested positive for COVID-19, 9 tested positive for influenza, and 3 tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and the A/H3N2 influenza virus. The co-circulation of different viruses in the population requires strengthened surveillance that is no longer restricted to the winter months. Indeed, constant, year-long monitoring of the trends of these viruses is needed, especially in at-risk groups and elderly people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Influenza and Other Airborne Transmission Viruses during the 2021/2022 Season in Hospitalized Subjects in Tuscany, Italy

et al. 2023

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“… Targeting inflammatory molecules/anti-inflammatory molecules Danirixin (GSK1325756) RV568, (narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor) [ 20 , 21 , 27 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 79 ], 7. Prophylactics and immunoregulators MEDI 557 (recombinant human monoclonal antibody) MEDI 8897 (human RSV monoclonal antibody) RI-001 (polyclonal antibody) Motavizumab (MEDI-524), derived from palivizumab Trivalent nanobody ALX-0171 D25 RSV antibody (against F glycoproteins) (RSV-IVIG, RespiGam) intravenous immunoglobulin Palivizumab (humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody) ALX-0171 (a nanobody preparation) REGN2222, (human monoclonal IgG1 antibody against RSV-F) MEDI-557 (derived from motavizumab) MEDI-8897, derived from D25-, an anti-RSV F MAb) [ 106 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ] …”

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Treatments and Clinical Management

Malik¹,

Ahmad

Muhammad

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major healthcare concern, especially for immune-compromised individuals and infants below 5 years of age. Worldwide, it is known to be associated with incidences of morbidity and mortality in infants. Despite the seriousness of the issue and continuous rigorous scientific efforts, no approved vaccine or available drug is fully effective against RSV. The purpose of this review article is to provide insights into the past and ongoing efforts for securing effective vaccines and therapeutics against RSV. The readers will be able to confer the mechanism of existing therapies and the loopholes that need to be overcome for future therapeutic development against RSV. A methodological approach was applied to collect the latest data and updated results regarding therapeutics and vaccine development against RSV. We outline the latest throughput vaccination technologies and prophylactic development efforts linked with RSV. A range of vaccination approaches with the already available vaccine (with limited use) and those undergoing trials are included. Moreover, important drug regimens used alone or in conjugation with adjuvants or vaccines are also briefly discussed. After reading this article, the audience will be able to understand the current standing of clinical management in the form of the vaccine, prophylactic, and therapeutic candidates against RSV. An understanding of the biological behavior acting as a reason behind the lack of effective therapeutics against RSV will also be developed. The literature indicates a need to overcome the limitations attached to RSV clinical management, drugs, and vaccine development that could be explained by dealing with the challenges of current study designs with continuous improvement and further work and approval on novel therapeutic applications.

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“…18 We observed that children singly positive for RSV had significantly increased odds of receiving a breathing treatment and antibiotics even after controlling for age and comorbidities, which is unsurprising given the known pathogenesis and virulence of RSV in children. [27][28][29] Although no difference was observed between hospitalizations between patients with HRV/ENT and RSV, children singly positive for RSV had nearly 85% decreased odds of PICU admission than those with HRV/ENT after controlling for age and comorbid conditions. Future studies with larger numbers of PICU admissions across viruses are needed to evaluate the validity of this finding.…”

Section: Hrv/ent Compared To Rsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Clinical Courses of Children With Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus to Children With Other Respiratory Viruses in the Outpatient Setting

Jones,

Montgomery,

Coskun

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: While infections caused by rhinoviruses and enteroviruses are common among children, the entirety of their clinical impact remains elusive. We compared the clinical outcomes of children with rhinovirus/enterovirus infections to other common respiratory viruses in outpatient settings. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal samples singly positive for human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/ENT), influenza A/B (FLU) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from patients ≤17 years submitted for clinical testing via multiplex polymerase chain reaction between 2016 and 2019. We evaluated the following outpatient outcomes: days of respiratory symptoms before testing; visits for respiratory symptoms; receipt of a breathing treatment; receipt of antibiotics and hospital admission. Statistical analyses were conducted controlling for age and comorbid conditions. Results: There were 1355 positive samples included in this analysis (HRV/ENT: n = 743, FLU: n = 303 and RSV: n = 309). Compared to HRV/ENT, children with FLU had 28% fewer days of respiratory symptoms (β: −0.32; 95% confidence interval: −0.46 to −0.18; P < 0.001), fewer visits for respiratory symptoms, and significantly decreased odds of receiving a breathing treatment or antibiotics, and admission to the hospital. Children with RSV had a similar number of days of respiratory symptoms, outpatient visits and odds of hospital admission, but significantly increased odds of receiving a breathing treatment and antibiotics compared to those with HRV/ENT. Conclusion: Clinicians should have a high level of vigilance when managing children with positive respiratory viral testing for HRV/ENT given the potential for clinical outcomes similar to and, in some instances, worse than known highly pathogenic viruses.

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Respiratory syncytial virus, recurrent wheeze and asthma: A narrative review of pathophysiology, prevention and future directions

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Surveillance of Influenza and Other Airborne Transmission Viruses during the 2021/2022 Season in Hospitalized Subjects in Tuscany, Italy

Surveillance of Influenza and Other Airborne Transmission Viruses during the 2021/2022 Season in Hospitalized Subjects in Tuscany, Italy

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Treatments and Clinical Management

Comparing the Clinical Courses of Children With Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus to Children With Other Respiratory Viruses in the Outpatient Setting

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