Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Junge, Sonja; Nokes, D. James; Simões, Eric A F; Weber, Martin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00384-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Phylogenetic and transmission network analyses provide significant insight into the global evolution, geographical spread, and transmission dynamics of RSV-A and RSV-B. We extensively analyzed the evolutionary history of RSV worldwide by utilizing phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses 38 and estimated that RSV-A and RSV-B appeared around 1953 and 1956, respectively. In addition, we observed significant variations in the virus circulating in various countries at different times.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis

Shishir,

Saha,

Rajia

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes mild cold-like symptoms and severe lower respiratory tract infections, causing hospitalizations in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Due to genetic variability, this virus causes life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young infants. Thus, we examined 3600 whole genome sequences submitted to GISAID by 31 December 2022 to examine the genetic variability of RSV. While RSVA and RSVB coexist throughout RSV seasons, RSVA is more prevalent, fatal, and epidemic-prone in several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and China. Additionally, the virus's attachment glycoprotein and fusion protein were highly mutated, with RSVA having higher Shannon entropy than RSVB. The genetic makeup of these viruses contributes significantly to their prevalence and epidemic potential. Several strain-specific SNPs co-occurred with specific haplotypes of RSVA and RSVB, followed by different haplotypes of the viruses. RSVA and RSVB have the highest linkage probability at loci T12844A/T3483C and G13959T/C2198T, respectively. The results indicate that specific haplotypes and SNPs may significantly affect their spread. Overall, this analysis presents a promising strategy for tracking the evolving epidemic situation and genetic variants of RSV, which could aid in developing effective control, prophylactic, and treatment strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis

Shishir,

Saha,

Rajia

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Additionally, infusions were associated with significantly increased cyanotic episodes, risk of fluid overload and worsened post-operative mortality in cyanotic CHD patients receiving RSV-IGIV. 35,36 Furthermore, RespiGam ® was also expensive; in 1996, per infant, the average cost of prophylaxis per season was $4000-5000 USD. 37 In 2003, it was withdrawn from the market, following the successful licensing of palivizumab in 1998.…”

Section: Rsv-igiv -Respigam ®mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Palivizumab in the Prevention of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease

O'Hagan,

Galway,

Shields

et al. 2023

DHPS

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody that provides passive immunity against RSV, is currently licensed for prophylactic use in specific "highrisk" populations, including congenital heart disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prematurity. Available research suggests palivizumab use in these high-risk populations can lead to a reduction in RSV-related hospitalization. However, palivizumab has not been demonstrated to reduce mortality, adverse events or length of hospital stay related to RSV. In this article, we review the management of RSV, indications for palivizumab prophylaxis, the safety, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of this preventative medication, and emerging therapeutics that could revolutionize future prevention of this significant pathogen.

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Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia

Rudan

Boschi-Pinto

Biloglav

et al. 2008

Bull World Health Organ

1,305

1,106

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Childhood pneumonia is the leading single cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. The incidence in this age group is estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. This translates into about 156 million new episodes each year worldwide, of which 151 million episodes are in the developing world. Most cases occur in India (43 million), China (21 million) and Pakistan (10 million), with additional high numbers in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria (6 million each). Of all community cases, 7-13% are severe enough to be life-threatening and require hospitalization. Substantial evidence revealed that the leading risk factors contributing to pneumonia incidence are lack of exclusive breastfeeding, undernutrition, indoor air pollution, low birth weight, crowding and lack of measles immunization. Pneumonia is responsible for about 19% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years, of which more than 70% take place in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia. Although based on limited available evidence, recent studies have identified Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus as the main pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis

Genome-wide study of globally distributed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains implicates diversification utilizing phylodynamics and mutational analysis

Review of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Palivizumab in the Prevention of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease

Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia

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