Respiratory Rate: The Forgotten Vital Sign—Make It Count!

Loughlin, Patrick C.; Sebat, Frank; Kellett, John

doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.04.014

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It guarantees gas exchange, acid-base balance regulation, and other homeostatic functions even under stressful conditions. As such, f R is one of the most fundamental vital signs [1,29]. Normal f R values (eupnea) range from 12 breaths/min to 20 breaths/min in adults [30], while the normal values for children vary according to age [31].…”

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the objective measurement of f R in cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures might help in emergency management. While the accurate and objective monitoring of f R would also prove of great value for a variety of other applications, f R is often the least recorded vital sign [14,29,37,38].…”

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of cardiac death worldwide [56], and respiratory monitoring may aid the prediction or early management of such an event [57]. However, f R is still poorly recorded in healthcare [29,38,[58][59][60], despite substantial evidence of its clinical relevance. This contrasts with the ever-growing increase in technological development observed in the field of respiratory monitoring in the last years [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Monitoring Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important for timely critical care assistance because f R may increase several hours before the occurrence of an adverse event [4,118,119], and such f R changes should be promptly identified. However, despite the clinical relevance of f R , this vital sign is often under-recorded [29,37,120,121] or not measured accurately [38,59,60,[122][123][124]. This may impair the efficacy of early warning scores [118,120,121], which also suffer from other methodological issues [109,110].…”

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, f R is measured by manual counting or is still too often not recorded at all [37,59,60,121]. The important limitations of this current practice have been discussed elsewhere [29,[58][59][60][122][123][124][125]. This section presents some of the suitable techniques to measure f R at hospital admission, with special attention to those allowing for periodic or even continuous monitoring of the patients needing hospital recovery.…”

Section: Measurement and Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise

Nicolò

Massaroni

Schena

et al. 2020

Sensors

234

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory rate is a fundamental vital sign that is sensitive to different pathological conditions (e.g., adverse cardiac events, pneumonia, and clinical deterioration) and stressors, including emotional stress, cognitive load, heat, cold, physical effort, and exercise-induced fatigue. The sensitivity of respiratory rate to these conditions is superior compared to that of most of the other vital signs, and the abundance of suitable technological solutions measuring respiratory rate has important implications for healthcare, occupational settings, and sport. However, respiratory rate is still too often not routinely monitored in these fields of use. This review presents a multidisciplinary approach to respiratory monitoring, with the aim to improve the development and efficacy of respiratory monitoring services. We have identified thirteen monitoring goals where the use of the respiratory rate is invaluable, and for each of them we have described suitable sensors and techniques to monitor respiratory rate in specific measurement scenarios. We have also provided a physiological rationale corroborating the importance of respiratory rate monitoring and an original multidisciplinary framework for the development of respiratory monitoring services. This review is expected to advance the field of respiratory monitoring and favor synergies between different disciplines to accomplish this goal.

show abstract

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement and Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise

Nicolò

Massaroni

Schena

et al. 2020

Sensors

234

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effects of respiratory and cardiac motion on estimating radiation dose to the left ventricle during radiotherapy for lung cancer

Omidi

Weiss

Wilson

et al. 2022

J Applied Clin Med Phys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Establish a workflow to evaluate radiotherapy (RT) dose variation induced by respiratory and cardiac motion on the left ventricle (LV) and left ventricular myocardium (LVM). Methods Eight lung cancer patients underwent 4D‐CT, expiratory T1‐volumetric‐interpolated‐breath‐hold‐examination (VIBE), and cine MRI scans in expiration. Treatment plans were designed on the average intensity projection (AIP) datasets from 4D‐CTs. RT dose from AIP was transferred onto 4D‐CT respiratory phases. About 50% 4D‐CT dose was mapped onto T1‐VIBE (following registration) and from there onto average cine MRI datasets. Dose from average cine MRI was transferred onto all cardiac phases. Cumulative cardiac dose was estimated by transferring dose from each cardiac phase onto a reference cine phase following deformable image registration. The LV was contoured on each 4D‐CT breathing phase and was called clinical LV (cLV); this structure is blurred by cardiac motion. Additionally, LV, LVM, and an American Heart Association (AHA) model were contoured on all cardiac phases. Relative maximum/mean doses for contoured regions were calculated with respect to each patient's maximum/mean AIP dose. Results During respiration, relative maximum and mean doses on the cLV ranged from −4.5% to 5.6% and −14.2% to 16.5%, respectively, with significant differences in relative mean doses between inspiration and expiration (P < 0.0145). During cardiac motion at expiration, relative maximum and mean doses on the LV ranged from 1.6% to 59.3%, 0.5% to 27.4%, respectively. Relative mean doses were significantly different between diastole and systole (P = 0.0157). No significant differences were noted between systolic, diastolic, or cumulative cardiac doses compared to the expiratory 4D‐CT (P > 0.14). Significant differences were observed in AHA segmental doses depending on tumour proximity compared to global LV doses on expiratory 4D‐CT (P < 0.0117). Conclusion In this study, the LV dose was highest during expiration and diastole. Segmental evaluation suggested that future cardiotoxicity evaluations may benefit from regional assessments of dose that account for cardiopulmonary motion.

show abstract

Design of Photoplethysmography (PPG)-Based Respiratory Rate Measuring Device Through Peak Calculations

Muthmainnah,

Cahyadi,

Mukhtar

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory Rate: The Forgotten Vital Sign—Make It Count!

Cited by 45 publications

References 50 publications

The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise

The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise

Effects of respiratory and cardiac motion on estimating radiation dose to the left ventricle during radiotherapy for lung cancer

Design of Photoplethysmography (PPG)-Based Respiratory Rate Measuring Device Through Peak Calculations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About