Respiratory microbiota and lower respiratory tract disease

Lanaspa, Miguel; Bassat, Quique; Medeiros, Márcia Melo; Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen

doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1349609

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…A number of recent studies have demonstrated that various microbial commensals colonize the respiratory tract, serving as gatekeepers to respiratory health (38–40). In cases of lower respiratory tract infection, various immune responses can be activated through different pathogens (41), such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) (42, 43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Microbiota and Pulmonary Inflammatory Cytokines Expression Vary in Children With Tracheomalacia and Adenoviral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Wang

Zhou²,

Dai

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a worldwide infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or a combination of these infectious agents. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical pneumonia pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in children, and adenovirus can lead to severe pneumonia. However, the etiology of different types of pneumonia is still unclear. In this study, we selected a total of 52 inpatients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) ( n = 21), adenovirus pneumonia (AVP) ( n = 16), or tracheomalacia ( n = 15) to serve as a disease control. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples that had been obtained for clinical use were analyzed. We compared the differences in microbiota and the expression of 10 inflammatory cytokines in samples between MPP, AVP, and tracheomalacia. We found that the bacterial diversity in MPP was lower than that in AVP and tracheomalacia. Mycoplasma, Streptococcus , and Pseudomonas were predominant in samples of MPP, AVP, and tracheomalacia, respectively. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in inpatients with AVP compared to children hospitalized with tracheomalacia or MPP. The lung microbiota in MPP was remarkably correlated with IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1α expressions, while this was not found in tracheomalacia and AVP. Microbiota analysis identified a high load of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the lung microbiota of several inpatients, which might be associated with the long hospitalization length and intra-group differences at the individual level. This study will help to understand the microbial etiology of tracheomalacia, AVP, and MPP and to identify effective therapies for these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Microbiota and Pulmonary Inflammatory Cytokines Expression Vary in Children With Tracheomalacia and Adenoviral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Wang

Zhou²,

Dai

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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“…However, even low concentrations of ammonia, such as 10 or 15 ppm, still have adverse effects on the health of pigs, potentially causing atrophic rhinitis and respiratory disease (Hamilton et al, 1998; Michiels et al, 2015). Recently, it was reported that the microbial populations of the upper respiratory tract of pigs had a close association with respiratory diseases (Lanaspa et al, 2017). Besides, the nose is one of the main interfaces between the internal body and the external environment, and it is the first microbial barrier to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variation of Nasal Microbiota Caused by Low Levels of Gaseous Ammonia Exposure in Growing Pigs

Yao

Shao

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Exposure to gaseous ammonia, even at low levels, can be harmful to pigs and human health. However, less is known about the effects of sustained exposure to gaseous ammonia on nasal microbiota colonization in growing pigs. A total of 120 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs were housed in 24 separate chambers and continuously exposed to gaseous ammonia at 0,5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm (four groups per exposure level) for 4 weeks. Then, we used high-throughput sequencing to perform 16S rRNA gene analysis in nasal swabs samples from 72 pigs ( n = 12). The results of the nasal microbiota analysis showed that an increase in ammonia concentration, especially at 20 and 25 ppm, decreased the alpha diversity and relative abundance of nasal microbiota. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria , and Chloroflexi were the most abundant phyla. In addition, the relative abundances of 24 microbial genera significantly changed as the ammonia level increased. Four microbial genera ( Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Prevotella , and Bacteroides ) were significantly decreased at 25 ppm, while only two genera ( Moraxella and Streptococcus ) were increased at 25 ppm. PICRUSt analyses showed that the relative abundances of the nasal microbiota involved in cell motility, signal transduction, the nervous system, environmental adaptation, and energy and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly decreased, while genes involved in the immune system, endocrine system, circulatory system, immune system diseases and metabolism of vitamins, lipid, and amino acids were increased with increased ammonia levels. The results of in vivo tests showed that an increase in ammonia levels, especially an ammonia level of 25 ppm, caused respiratory tract injury and increase the number of Moraxella and Streptococcus species, while simultaneously decreasing respiratory immunity and growth performance, consistent with the increased presence of harmful bacteria identified by nasal microbiota analysis. Herein, this study also indicted that the threshold concentration of ammonia in pig farming is 20 ppm.

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“…In a similar manner to the skin microbiota, the diversity of the respiratory microbiota highly depends on the mode of delivery. Natural delivery prompts the colonization of microbes from the mother’s vaginal and gut microbiota, while C-section newborns are colonized by the mother’s skin microbiota [ 66 , 67 ]. Studies on the respiratory microbiota have highlighted the limitations in the determination of a core respiratory microbiota, due to the great interpersonal variability.…”

Section: Main Microbial Communities In the Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Microbiota Network: Unveiling Potential Crosstalk between the Different Microbiota Ecosystems and Their Role in Health and Disease

et al. 2021

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The human body is host to a large number of microorganisms which conform the human microbiota, that is known to play an important role in health and disease. Although most of the microorganisms that coexist with us are located in the gut, microbial cells present in other locations (like skin, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and the vaginal zone in women) also play a significant role regulating host health. The fact that there are different kinds of microbiota in different body areas does not mean they are independent. It is plausible that connection exist, and different studies have shown that the microbiota present in different zones of the human body has the capability of communicating through secondary metabolites. In this sense, dysbiosis in one body compartment may negatively affect distal areas and contribute to the development of diseases. Accordingly, it could be hypothesized that the whole set of microbial cells that inhabit the human body form a system, and the dialogue between the different host microbiotas may be a contributing factor for the susceptibility to developing diseased states. For this reason, the present review aims to integrate the available literature on the relationship between the different human microbiotas and understand how changes in the microbiota in one body region can influence other microbiota communities in a bidirectional process. The findings suggest that the different microbiotas may act in a coordinated way to decisively influence human well-being. This new integrative paradigm opens new insights in the microbiota field of research and its relationship with human health that should be taken into account in future studies.

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Respiratory microbiota and lower respiratory tract disease

Cited by 34 publications

References 89 publications

Lung Microbiota and Pulmonary Inflammatory Cytokines Expression Vary in Children With Tracheomalacia and Adenoviral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Lung Microbiota and Pulmonary Inflammatory Cytokines Expression Vary in Children With Tracheomalacia and Adenoviral or Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

The Variation of Nasal Microbiota Caused by Low Levels of Gaseous Ammonia Exposure in Growing Pigs

Human Microbiota Network: Unveiling Potential Crosstalk between the Different Microbiota Ecosystems and Their Role in Health and Disease

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