Respiratory Manifestations of Hashish Smoking

Henderson, Robert L.; Tennant, Forest S.; Guerry, R

doi:10.1001/archotol.1972.00770080390012

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although it correlated with the tachycardia developed, unlike the latter (244,250) it waS not blocked by propranolol (251). These were acute studies, and the evidence of pulmonary pathology in chronic cannldlis smokers must be borne in mind (252)(253)(254).…”

Section: Effec T On Plasma Tes Tosteronementioning

confidence: 95%

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Patón¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

114

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·: ·6617This review is concerned primarily with the papers that have appeared since the end of 1972 subsequent to the material in the book by Nahas (1) and the review volumes edited by Mechoulam (2) and by Gibbins et al (3). The main new developments have been in the biochemistry of cannabis metabolites, in cellular and toxicological effects, and in a widening of human studies. CHEMICAL ASPECTSStructure-Action Relationships (4,5,6) Variations in potency among cannabinoids by a factor of over 2000 are now recorded, which allow considerable scope for structure-action studies. But estimates of relative potency remain difficult to make because of the variability among subjects (whether animals or humans). At a deeper level, little work has been done to assess how far variations in potency reflect differences in pharmacokinetics or in metabo lism (with possible formation both of active and inactive metabolites), as against differences in effect at the ultimate site(s) of action. In addition, many of the structures involved have several isomers and are usually tested as mixtures. Finally, pharmacological study has not been sufficiently detailed to exclude major differences in type of action between the various substances. This may be important, since trial of I, l-dimethylheptyl-�3-THC (DMHP) in man showed that, while it produces pronounced tachycardia and hypotension in man, it has no psychic effect (7). The same may be true of other compounds tested only in animals.Subject to these qualifications, the following provisional generalizations may be made, characterizing the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule as possessing three rings, terpenoid, pyran, and aromatic and using the terpenoid nomenclature.

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Section: Effec T On Plasma Tes Tosteronementioning

confidence: 95%

Pharmacology of Marijuana

Patón¹

1975

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

114

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“…A recent report (Henderson, Tennant, and Guerry, 1972) suggests that symptoms of pharyngitis, bronchitis or rhinitis may occur as a direct result of cannabis smoking. Bronchoscopic biopsy in some of these subjects showed abnormal respiratory mucosae with atypical cells.…”

Section: Cardiovascular and Psychological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trial of oral delta-1-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol in reversible airways obstruction.

Davies¹,

Radcliffe²,

Seaton³

et al. 1975

Thorax

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(1975). Thorax, 30,[80][81][82][83][84][85]. A trial of oral Jl'-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol in reversible airways obstruction. Sixteen patients with proven reversible airways obstruction were admitted to a double-blind study to compare the bronchodilator effects of oral J1-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol (z11-THC) and salbutamol. Measurements of forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate, and maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% vital capacity after 10 mg oral z11-THC did not differ significantly from the effect of placebo, whereas increases after salbutamol were significant. Analyses of mood, pulse rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram showed no important changes after oral JP-THC. In vitro studies with isolated tracheal muscle indicate that the activity of Al-TI-fC is 1,000 times less than the equivalent dose of isoprenaline, and the effect of z11-THC is not abolished by ,-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. It is concluded that oral 1l-THC, at a dose of 10 mg, does not produce clinically significant bronchodilatation in patients with reversible airways obstruction.

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“…As with any material that is smoked, regular smoking of cannabis will cause bronchitis and squamous metaplasia of the tracheobronchial epithelium.24 27 The long term consequences of cannabis smoking are not clear as prospective epidemiological studies are not available. However, there is circumstantial evidence to suggest that emphysema and bronchogenic carcinoma may be associated with regular smoking of marijuana.28 Fatal invasive aspergillosis has been associated with smoking contaminated marijuana used illicitly as an anti-emetic in immunocompromised individuals.930 Opiates Opioid analgesics abused for pleasurable or recreational purposes are numerous and include heroin, morphine, dextramoramide, pethidine, and pentazocine.…”

Section: Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%