Lung disease induced by drug addiction.

Benson, Michael J.; Bentley, Andrew

doi:10.1136/thx.50.11.1125

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The smoking and "chasing" of heroin appears to be widespread in many countries and may have an adverse effect on lung function. 79 Similarly, it is well recognized that smoking crack cocaine can impair lung function 80 and the polydrug use patterns reported by many heroin users suggest that a proportion of heroin users in some countries, particularly the United States, may use crack cocaine.…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin overdose: causes and consequences

et al. 2001

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Over the past decade fatal opioid overdose has emerged as a major public health issue internationally. This paper examines the risk factors for overdose from a biomedical perspective. While significant risk factors for opioid overdose fatality are well recognized, the mechanism of fatal overdose remains unclear. Losses of tolerance and concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressants clearly play a major role in fatality; however, such risk factors do not account for the strong age and gender patterns observed consistently among victims of overdose. There is evidence that systemic disease may be more prevalent in users at greatest risk of overdose. We hypothesize that pulmonary and hepatic dysfunction resulting from such disease may increase susceptibility to both fatal and non-fatal overdose. Sequelae of non-fatal overdose are recognized in the clinical literature but few epidemiological data exist describing the burden of morbidity arising from such sequelae. The potential for overdose to cause persisting morbidity is reviewed.

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Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin overdose: causes and consequences

et al. 2001

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“…los cannabinoides más conocidos y estudiados son el delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol (thC), que es el principal componente psicoactivo de la marihuana y el cannabidiol, que tendría efectos ansiolíticos y antipsicóticos 10 . el thC, cuya fuente principal es la resina de las hojas y del tallo, es altamente liposoluble y se absorbe rápidamente en el aparato respiratorio e intestinal, teniendo una biodisponibilidad al fumarla entre el 15-20%, comparado con un 6% al ingerirla oralmente 11 . los efectos terapéuticos de la marihuana dependen de la concentración del thC y de la relación thC/cannabidiol debido a la capacidad del cannabidiol de mitigar los efectos psicoactivos del thC 12 , siendo esta relación 1:1 la que provee los mejores beneficios clínicos con los menores efectos adversos 13 .…”

Section: Uso Medicinal De La Marihuanaunclassified

“…en el primer caso se hacen inhalaciones más profundas y prolongadas y se fuma en menor cantidad de tiempo y con mayores temperaturas de combustión 51 . esta técnica inhalatoria resulta en aproximadamente 5 veces mayor concentración de carboxihemoglobina, cuatro veces más cantidad de alquitrán inhalado y la retención de un tercio más de alquitrán en las vías aéreas inferiores en comparación con el consumo de cigarrillos 11 .…”

Section: Efectos Del Uso Recreacional De La Marihuana Sobre El Sistemunclassified

Consideraciones en cuanto al uso medicinal y recreacional de la marihuana y sus efectos sobre el pulmón

2015

Rev. chil. enferm. respir.

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Marijuana use has increased in Chile in recent years, particularly in teenagers and young people. It seems to be a general perception that its use does not involve great risks. The current discussion on the legalization of marijuana should make the necessary distinction between medical and recreational use of it. There are few indications approved by international health agencies for medicinal use, all of them with synthetic derivatives and oral administration, and countless other indications based mostly on studies with serious methodological flaws. The recreational use of marijuana, in addition to the widely known psychosocial deleterious effects, induce on the respiratory system the onset of chronic respiratory symptoms, airway inflammation and immunomodulatory effects. Depending on the exposure time and amount, use of marijuana has been associated with adverse effects on pulmonary function, development of COPD and lung cancer. Therefore, the recreational use without restriction of this drug could have adverse impact on personal and public health, so then the free use of marijuana should not be recommended. ResumenEl consumo de marihuana ha aumentado en Chile en los últimos años, especialmente en jóvenes y adolescentes y pareciera existir una percepción general de que su uso no conlleva mayores riesgos. La discusión actual sobre la legalización de la marihuana debe hacer la distinción necesaria entre uso medicinal y uso recreacional de ella. Existen escasas indicaciones aprobadas por los organismos de salud internacionales para su uso medicinal, todas ellas con derivados sintéticos de administración oral, y un sinnúmero de otras indicaciones basadas en su gran mayoría en estudios que adolecen de serias deficiencias metodológicas. El uso recreacional de marihuana, además de los efectos psicosociales deletéreos ampliamente conocidos, induce sobre el sistema respiratorio la aparición de síntomas crónicos de la vía aérea, inflamación local y efectos inmunomoduladores y, dependiendo del tiempo y cantidad de exposición, se ha asociado con efectos negativos sobre la función pulmonar, desarrollo de EPOC y de cáncer pulmonar. Por tanto, el uso recreacional sin restricción de esta droga podría tener a futuro gran impacto desfavorable sobre la salud personal y la salud pública, por lo que no debería recomendarse el consumo libre de la marihuana.

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“…Several studies have documented that smoking illicit drugs, often even in the absence of tobacco smoking, was associated with bronchospasm [1][2][3], reduced lung volumes, airway hyper-responsiveness, diffused pulmonary infiltrates and bronco alveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia [2] in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease [1]. No studies have investigated recurrent hospital admissions due to exacerbation of obstructive pulmonary disease in illicit drug smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%