Respiratory diseases and obesity: special phenotype or independent events: Review

Abstract

A combination of factors, including Western European eating habits, physical inactivity and genetic predisposition, lead to a dramatic increase in adipose tissue mass. A special place is occupied by abdominal obesity, in which there is an accumulation of adipose tissue in the mesentery of the small intestine and the omentum. Developing in conditions of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation are one of the key components of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver and pancreas disease, polycystic ovary disease, some forms of cancer (breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colonic and direct intestines). At the same time, the pathogenetic role of adipose tissue is not limited to its participation in the formation of the cardiometabolic continuum and oncogenesis. The most important role of metabolically active fat in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases is known, including bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension. This paper presents an overview of current data on immunological, pathophysiological and clinical features of the phenotype of the combination of respiratory diseases with overweight and obesity.

The biochemical effect correlated with pulmonary dysfunction and complications in obese patients

“…Recent literature has shown that obesity is associated with impaired pulmonary function and increased risk of respiratory diseases [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Bantula et al and Zammit et al indicated that asthmatic patients with obesity have severe disease, need intense treatment, harder to treat and have frequent acute attacks [5,6].…”

Obesity provokes the development of bronchopulmonary pathology and aggravates its course

“…Ожирение оказывает существенное влияние на биомеханику дыхания: увеличение массы жировой ткани в брюшной и грудной полости повышает внутрибрюшное и плевральное давление, что приводит к изменению геометрии диафрагмы и усиленной работе дыхательных мышц в энергетически невыгодных условиях, следствием чего является их утомляемость [4]. Отложение жировой ткани вокруг ребер и в средостении ограничивает подвижность грудной клетки, препятствует расправлению легких на вдохе и спадению их на выдохе.…”