Respiratory Complications of Low-Birth-Weight Infants Who Received Phenobarbital

Kuban, Karl; Leviton, Alan; Brown, Elizabeth R.; Krishnamoorthy, K. S.; Baglivo, Jenny A.; Sullivan, Kathleen F.; Allred, Elizabeth N.

doi:10.1097/00132586-198808000-00013

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phenobarbital use in ventilated infants has been associated to an increase in air leaks (120) and an increased need for mechanical ventilation (121). However, ventilation strategies were not detailed in these studies, what renders interpretation of these findings difficult.…”

Section: Existing Human Data On Neurotoxicity Of Sedative Drugs Used mentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Analgesic and Sedative Drugs in the NICU: Integrating Clinical Trials and Laboratory Data

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in neonatal intensive care include and are partly attributable to growing attention for comfort and pain control in the term and preterm infant requiring intensive care. Limitation of painful procedures is certainly possible, but most critically ill infants require unavoidable painful or stressful procedures such as intubation, mechanical ventilation, or catheterization. Many analgesics (opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and sedatives (benzodiazepines and other anesthetic agents) are available but their use varies considerably among units. This review summarizes current experimental knowledge on the effects of sedative and analgesic drugs on brain development and reviews clinical evidence that speaks for or against the use of common analgesic and sedative drugs in the NICU but avoids any discussion of anesthesia during surgery. Risk/benefit ratios of intermittent boluses or continuous infusions for the commonly used sedative and analgesic agents are discussed in the light of clinical and experimental studies. The limitations of extrapolating experimental results from animals to humans must be considered while making practical recommendations based on the currently available evidence.

show abstract

Section: Existing Human Data On Neurotoxicity Of Sedative Drugs Used mentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Analgesic and Sedative Drugs in the NICU: Integrating Clinical Trials and Laboratory Data

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, LOWESS regression suggested that the CBF from the controls dropped as the arterial pressure de-LOWESS, locally weighted regression and smoothing scatter plots TX, thromboxane Some clinical studies have reported that the incidence and/or severity of PIVH in preterm infants decreases when anticonvulsant dosages of PhS are given either antenatally or early in the postnatal period (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Other studies have questioned the effectiveness of PhS in preventing PIVH (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). It has been shown that PhS in anticonvulsant concentrations lowers CBF during hypertension in newborn beagles and pigs, which may explain its protective effect against PIVH (1 1, 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenobarbital and Cerebral Blood Flow during Hypotension in Newborn Pigs

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Phenobarbital sodium (PhS) has been used in anticonvulsant concentrations in premature newborns in attempts to prevent peri-and intraventricular hemorrhages (PIVH). Its effectiveness in preventing PIVH in clinical situations is still uncertain; however, PhS has reduced PIVH after hypertension in newborn beagles, and it has lowered cerebral blood flow (CBF) during hypertension in newborn beagles and piglets. We hypothesized that PhS might reduce CBF during systemic hypotension. Twelve control and 12 PhS-treated piglets (1 to 2 d old) were used for microsphere determinations of CBF during 1 ) steady state; 2) 30 min after PhS (treatment group) or saline infusion (controls); and 3 and 4) during two levels of graded hypotension. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was 61 f 13 (SD) mm Hg (controls) and 57 f 13 (SD) mm Hg (PhS) during steady state. Thirty min after the PhS or saline infusion, MABP and CBF remained unchanged in both groups. CBF during hypotension at MABP of 41 f 5 (SD) mm Hg was significantly higher in controls than was CBF at MABP of 39 + 6 (SD) mm Hg in the PhS-treated group (p = 0.044); CBF in the two groups during the second hypotensive phase was not significantly different.

show abstract

“…ICP falls early in the neonatal period [15][16][17], a time during which ICH commonly orig inates [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], Intracranial volume decreases during this time [17. 25] within the semi-rigid confines of the immature skull, and this vol ume loss produces the decrease in ICP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falling Intracranial Pressure: An Important Element in the Genesis of Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Beagle Puppy

Coulter

Gooch²

1993

Neonatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To study the role of extravascular intracranial pressure (ICP) in the genesis of intracranial hemorrhage in the beagle puppy, we measured ICP in animals on the day of birth, untreated 3-day-old controls, and 3-day-old animals treated from birth with prolactin. Baseline ICP varied substantially in all 3 groups. Only 8% of this variability was attributable to variability in mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure. ICP was lower in the 3-day-old controls, animals at high risk for intracranial hemorrhage after a hypovolemic/hypotensive insult followed by rapid volume expansion, than in the other groups which are at lower risk. Administration of a hyperosmolar insult, intraperitoneal glycerol, to animals whose ICP was relatively high promptly lowered ICP. After this treatment, the risk of intracranial hemorrhage was markedly increased in these previously low-risk groups. We conclude that the normal neonatal decrease in brain water content and the consequent fall in ICP substantially increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in the beagle puppy, a model which appears similar in pathophysiology to hemorrhage in the preterm human infant.

show abstract

Respiratory Complications of Low-Birth-Weight Infants Who Received Phenobarbital

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Analgesic and Sedative Drugs in the NICU: Integrating Clinical Trials and Laboratory Data

Use of Analgesic and Sedative Drugs in the NICU: Integrating Clinical Trials and Laboratory Data

Phenobarbital and Cerebral Blood Flow during Hypotension in Newborn Pigs

Falling Intracranial Pressure: An Important Element in the Genesis of Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Beagle Puppy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About