Respiratory Biology during Gravidity in<i>Crotaphytus collaris</i>and<i>Gambelia wislizenii</i>

Gilman, Casey; Candelaria, Gabriel; Gershman, B. N.; Norenberg, Jeffrey P.; Wolf, Blair O.

doi:10.1670/11-097

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…During reproduction, these processes are likely maintained, but to our knowledge this study represents one of the first examinations of the interaction effects of digestion and reproduction. Although our data cannot elucidate the specific mechanisms associated with the 30-50% increase in VȮ 2 , and only examined the first 24 h of the SDA response, previous work indicates that the presence of enlarged ovarian follicles within the posterior abdomen compresses the maternal organs (Munns and Daniels, 2007;Gilman et al, 2013), resulting in a substantially elevated cost of ventilation (e.g. 3-fold increase in Tiliqua rugosa) (Munns, 2013).…”

Section: Digestionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Patterns of oxygen consumption during simultaneously occurring elevated metabolic states in the viviparous snake,Thamnophis marcianus

Jackson

Leu

Ford

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Snakes exhibit large factorial increments in oxygen consumption during digestion and physical activity, and long-lasting sub-maximal increments during reproduction. Under natural conditions, all three physiological states may occur simultaneously, but the integrated response is not well understood. Adult male and female checkered gartersnakes (Thamnophis marcianus) were used to examine increments in oxygen consumption (i.e. V O2 ) and carbon dioxide production (i.e. V CO2 ) associated with activity (Act), digestion (Dig) and post-prandial activity (Act+Dig). For females, we carried out these trials in the non-reproductive state, and also during the vitellogenic (V) and embryogenic (E) phases of a reproductive cycle. Endurance time (i.e. time to exhaustion, TTE) was recorded for all groups during Act and Act +Dig trials. Our results indicate that male and non-reproductive female T. marcianus exhibit significant increments in V O2 during digestion (∼5-fold) and activity (∼9-fold), and that Act+Dig results in a similar increment in V O2 (∼9-to 10-fold). During reproduction, resting V O2 increased by 1.6-to 1.7-fold, and peak increments during digestion were elevated by 30-50% above non-reproductive values, but values associated with Act and Act+Dig were not significantly different from non-reproductive values. During Act+Dig, endurance time remained similar for all of the groups in the present study. Overall, our results indicate that prioritization is the primary pattern of interaction in oxygen delivery exhibited by this species. We propose that the metabolic processes associated with digestion, and perhaps reproduction, are temporarily compromised during activity.

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Section: Digestionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Patterns of oxygen consumption during simultaneously occurring elevated metabolic states in the viviparous snake,Thamnophis marcianus

Jackson

Leu

Ford

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…CO 2 production (ml.h −1 ) was then calculated as V CO2 = FR × (Fe CO2 − Fi CO2 )/(1 − Fe CO2 (1 − [1/RQ])) (Lighton, 2008), where Fi CO2 is the fractional concentration of CO 2 in the incurrent air, and RQ is the respiratory quotient. We assumed for our calculations that RQ = 0.7, which is often used for fasted lizards (Bennett & Dawson, 1976; Gilman et al., 2013). For each animal, we analysed data from the last 795 s of each flush period, which means 20 min minus five‐fold of the time constant at the beginning (more in Lighton & Halsey, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny, phylogeny and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos

Hlubeň

Kratochvíl

Gvoždı́k

et al. 2021

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Body size dependence of metabolic rate, body surface and scale morphology complicate disentangling the contribution of these characteristics to adaptive changes in total evaporative water loss (TEWL) of reptiles. To separate adaptive changes from size‐related dependence, we compared intra‐ and interspecific scaling of several candidate traits in eyelid geckos (Eublepharidae), a group exhibiting large variation in body size and TEWL. The intraspecific allometry of TEWL of a eublepharid species fits the geometric surface–mass relationship. However, evolutionary shifts to both higher and lower evaporation were strongly correlated with habitat aridity and cannot be explained by shifts in body size alone. The intraspecific allometry of standard metabolic rate is nearly the same as the interspecific allometry. Unlike for mammals and birds, this pattern rules out respiratory water loss as a driver of the adaptive changes in TEWL among eublepharids. Scale morphology was independent of TEWL variation as well, but the correlation between cutaneous water loss and TEWL suggests a crucial role of skin permeability in adaptation to habitat aridity. Our analyses demonstrate how powerful a comparison between intra‐ and interspecific allometries can be for detecting body size‐dependent mechanisms of adaptive changes in ecophysiological traits correlated with body size.

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“…The highly distensible lungs of squamate reptiles can be distorted and compressed by the gastrointestinal tract and ovarian follicles (Munns 2013). In three species of lizards, lung volume decreases by 30%−50% during reproduction (Gilman et al 2013; Munns 2013). The ingestion of a meal equivalent to 20% of body mass is likely to elicit a similar effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future work that repeats the experiments described in this study—while also measuring cardiopulmonary parameters (e.g., heart rate, stroke volume, breathing frequency, tidal volume, venous and arterial blood gas levels) and regional blood flow distribution patterns (e.g., superior and inferior mesenteric arterial blood flow)—would help to identify the limiting factors in O 2 transport. Moreover, the consequences of visceral organ compression (i.e., increased cost of ventilation, decreased venous return) have been examined only in the lizards Tiliqua rugosa, Crotaphytus collaris,and Gambelia wislizenii during reproduction (Gilman et al 2013; Munns 2013) and in Varanus exanthematicus following the injection of saline (Munns et al (2004), but not for snakes. Therefore, additional measurements of the cost of ventilation, central venous/arterial blood pressure, and venous return would help to elucidate whether these factors contributed to the constrained prioritization pattern of O 2 delivery exhibited by Lamprophis fuliginosus in this study.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Occurring Elevated Metabolic States Expose Constraints in Maximal Levels of Oxygen Consumption in the Oviparous SnakeLamprophis fuliginosus

Jackson¹,

Leu²,

Hicks³

2017

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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African house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus) were used to compare the metabolic increments associated with reproduction, digestion, and activity both individually and when combined simultaneously. Rates of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and carbon dioxide production ([Formula: see text]) were measured in adult female (nonreproductive and reproductive) and adult male snakes during rest, digestion, activity while fasting, and postprandial activity. We also compared the endurance time (i.e., time to exhaustion) during activity while fasting and postprandial activity in males and females. For nonreproductive females and males, our results indicate that the metabolic increments of digestion (∼3-6-fold) and activity while fasting (∼6-10-fold) did not interact in an additive fashion; instead, the aerobic scope associated with postprandial activity was 40%-50% lower, and animals reached exhaustion up to 11 min sooner. During reproduction, there was no change in digestive [Formula: see text], but aerobic scope for activity while fasting was 30% lower than nonreproductive values. The prioritization pattern of oxygen delivery exhibited by L. fuliginosus during postprandial activity (in both males and females) and for activity while fasting (in reproductive females) was more constrained than predicted (i.e., instead of unchanged [Formula: see text], peak values were 30%-40% lower). Overall, our results indicate that L. fuliginosus's cardiopulmonary system's capacity for oxygen delivery was not sufficient to maintain the metabolic increments associated with reproduction, digestion, and activity simultaneously without limiting aerobic scope and/or activity performance.

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Respiratory Biology during Gravidity inCrotaphytus collarisandGambelia wislizenii

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Patterns of oxygen consumption during simultaneously occurring elevated metabolic states in the viviparous snake,Thamnophis marcianus

Patterns of oxygen consumption during simultaneously occurring elevated metabolic states in the viviparous snake,Thamnophis marcianus

Ontogeny, phylogeny and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos

Simultaneously Occurring Elevated Metabolic States Expose Constraints in Maximal Levels of Oxygen Consumption in the Oviparous SnakeLamprophis fuliginosus

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