Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses of Two Species of Deep-Sea Crabs, Chaceon Fenneri and C. Quinquedens, in Normoxia and Hypoxia

Henry, Raymond P.; Handley, Holley L.; Krarup, Annette; Perry, Harriet M.

doi:10.2307/1548331

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Benthic species are better represented by measurements of metabolic enzyme activities that serve as proxies for metabolic capacity. The majority of oxygen consumption and aerobic metabolic enzyme measurements in deep-sea benthic species, including echinoderms (Smith 1983), meiobenthic animals (Shirayama 1992), crabs and shrimp (Childress & Mickel 1985;Henry et al 1990;Walsh & Henry 1990;Childress et al 1990a;Bailey et al 2005), amphipods (Smith & Baldwin 1982;Treude et al 2002), sponges (Witte & Graff 1996) and octopods were at most oneto fivefold lower than shallow-living species after temperature correction and many of these groups show no decline at all (e.g. figures 1c, 2, 3c and 4).…”

Section: Rates Of Metabolism In Relation To Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Seibel

Drazen

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

276

213

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The rates of metabolism in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere. The origins of this variation are a matter of active debate with some scientists highlighting the importance of anatomical or environmental constraints, while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands. Here, we analyse metabolic rates in diverse marine taxa, with special emphasis on patterns of metabolic rate across a depth gradient, in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. The conclusion from this analysis is that low rates of metabolism, in the deep sea and elsewhere, do not result from resource (e.g. food or oxygen) limitation or from temperature or pressure constraint. While metabolic rates do decline strongly with depth in several important animal groups, for others metabolism in abyssal species proceeds as fast as in ecologically similar shallow-water species at equivalent temperatures. Rather, high metabolic demand follows strong selection for locomotory capacity among visual predators inhabiting well-lit oceanic waters. Relaxation of this selection where visual predation is limited provides an opportunity for reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale metabolic variation in the ocean results from interspecific differences in ecological energy demand.Keywords: metabolism; deep sea; scaling; oxygen consumption; locomotion; marine INTRODUCTIONThe rates of metabolic processes in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere (e.g. Bennett 1991; Seibel 2007). The origins and scope of this variation are a matter of active debate. Some emphasize geometric and environmental constraints or resource limitation as its source (e.g. Gillooly et al. 2001;Brown et al. 2004), while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands (Childress 1995;Suarez 1996;Reinhold 1999;Clarke 2004;Seibel 2007) as a primary driver of metabolic variation. With this in mind, the present paper addresses three seemingly simple questions: (i) what is the extent of variation in the rate of metabolism across diverse taxa and environments, (ii) what environmental and ecological demands act on organisms to drive selection for high metabolic capacity, and (iii) under what environmental circumstances might such selection be relaxed or capacity be constrained?These questions have been pursued vigorously for decades but the clarity of the debate has been diminished by the subtlety of differences in capacity between the taxa most thoroughly studied, that often

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Section: Rates Of Metabolism In Relation To Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Seibel

Drazen

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

276

213

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“…Reduced gill surface area among deep-sea species may, therefore, limit ionexchange capacity. Aside from those adapted for residence in oxygen minimum layers (Childress and Seibel, 1998), the few deep-sea species studied have much lower gill surface areas than their more-active, shallower-living counterparts (Henry et al, 1990;Marshall, 1971;Voss, 1988 Gibbs and Somero (1990) reported greatly reduced capacities for active ion regulation via ATPases in gills of deep-sea fishes relative to shallower species. Although their study focused on Na + /K + -ATPases, their data show that activities of total ATPases declined with increasing depth as well.…”

Section: Ion-exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CA catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration reaction of CO2 and water (equation 1) and, thus, plays an important role in CO2 excretion and acid-base balance in marine animals by maintaining availability of H + and HCO3 -for transporters (Burnett, 1997;Henry, 1984). Deep-sea species presumably have a much lower requirement for branchial ion transport due to the extreme ionic stability of seawater at depth and their low rates of metabolic and locomotory activity (Henry et al, 1990).…”

Section: Ion-exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological impacts of deep-sea carbon dioxide injection inferred from indices of physiological performance

Seibel

Walsh

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

172

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SUMMARYA recent proposal to store anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the deep ocean is assessed here with regard to the impacts on deep-living fauna. The stability of the deep-sea has allowed the evolution of species ill-equipped to withstand rapid environmental changes. Low metabolic rates of most deep-sea species are correlated with low capacities for pH buffering and low concentrations of ion-transport proteins. Changes in seawater carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) may thus lead to large cellular PCO2 and pH changes. Oxygen transport proteins of deep-sea animals are also highly sensitive to changes in pH. Acidosis leads to metabolic suppression, reduced protein synthesis,respiratory stress, reduced metabolic scope and, ultimately, death. Deep-sea CO2 injection as a means of controlling atmospheric CO2levels should be assessed with careful consideration of potential biological impacts. In order to properly evaluate the risks within a relevant timeframe,a much more aggressive approach to research is warranted.

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“…In response to hypoxia, C.fenneri maintains a relatively constant Mo2 by hyperventilation (i.e., it is oxy-independent), but it ultimately begins to rely on anaerobic metabolism, accumulates lactate and incurs an oxygen debt (Henry et al 1990 a). In contrast, in response to hypoxia (as low as 17 torr) C. quinquedens decreases its rates of oxygen uptake, does not hyperventilate (i.e., it is oxy-independent), and does not accumulate lactate (Henry et al 1990a). Oxygen-minimum zones occur in the habitats of both species, but the frequency of hypoxic encounters is unknown (Henry et al 1990a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

Walsh

Henry

1990

Mar. Biol.

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Abstract. The activities of 18 enzymes were measured in gill, hepatopancreas and muscle tissue of the deep-water crabs Chaceon fenneri and C. quinquedens and the shallow-water crab Callinectes sapidus collected from the Gulf of Mexico in January 1989. The activities of catabolic enzymes were correlated in general with the known metabolic rates of the three species. Activities were much higher in C. sapidus than in Chaceon fenneri and C. quinquedens. In some cases, C. quinquedens had higher activities than C. fenneri. The activities of enzymes of amino acid metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase) were higher in C. quinquedens, which had high hemolymph [ammonia] and ammonia excretion rates. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of C.fenneri and C. quinquedens were correlated with the two species' abilities to withstand hypoxia. The more hypoxiatolerant species, C. quinquedens, had higher activity of LDH in its muscles than did C. fenneri.

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Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses of Two Species of Deep-Sea Crabs, Chaceon Fenneri and C. Quinquedens, in Normoxia and Hypoxia

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Biological impacts of deep-sea carbon dioxide injection inferred from indices of physiological performance

Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

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