Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

Walsh, Patrick J.; Henry, Raymond P.

doi:10.1007/bf01344310

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3 & 4). Our results indirectly support the hypothesis of Seibel & Walsh (2001) that deep-sea animals exchange ions at the gills more slowly than their shallow-living counterparts, and are consistent with a general pattern of reduced rates of key metabolic and enzymatic processes in deep-sea decapod crabs, compared to shallow-living species , Walsh & Henry 1990. Bicarbonate acquisition, the primary means of pH compensation in aquatic animals, was not observed in Tanner crabs acclimated to low oxygen, suggesting a marked reduction (or delay) in ion exchange.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Pane¹,

Barry²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

171

137

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Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide could be curbed by large-scale sequestration of CO 2 in the deep sea. Such a solution requires prior assessment of the impact of hypercapnic, acidic seawater on deep-sea fauna. Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the short-term hypercapnic tolerance of the deep-sea Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri, collected from 1000 m depth in Monterey Canyon off the coast of central California, USA. Hemolymph acidbase parameters were monitored over 24 h of exposure to seawater equilibrated with ~1% CO 2 (seawater P CO 2 6 torr or 0.8 kPa, pH 7.1), and compared with those of the shallow-living Dungeness crab Cancer magister. Short-term hypercapnia-induced acidosis in the hemolymph of Chionoecetes tanneri was almost uncompensated, with a net 24 h pH reduction of 0.32 units and a net bicarbonate accumulation of only 3 mM. Under simultaneous hypercapnia and hypoxia, short-term extracellular acidosis in Chionoecetes tanneri was completely uncompensated. In contrast, Cancer magister fully recovered its hemolymph pH over 24 h of hypercapnic exposure by net accumulation of 12 mM bicarbonate from the surrounding medium. The data support the hypothesis that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and exhibit reduced metabolic rates, lack the short-term acid -base regulatory capacity to cope with the acute hypercapnic stress that would accompany large-scale CO 2 sequestration. Additionally, the data indicate that sequestration in oxygen-poor areas of the ocean would be even more detrimental to deep-sea fauna.KEY WORDS: CO 2 · Deep sea · Physiology · Decapod crustacea · Acid-base regulation ·Chionoecetes tanneri · Cancer magister Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherThe ocean's large-scale absorption, as well as possible future anthropogenic sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 , will result in long-term acidification of the water. The deep-sea crab Chionoecetes tanneri (collected from Monterey Canyon at 1000 m depth) is unable to regulate extracellular pH during short-term CO 2 exposure. The results of Pane & Barry support the hypothesis that hypercapnia will have a profound physiological impact on deep-sea organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Pane¹,

Barry²

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

171

137

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“…1 & 5). A similar scope of 1.5-to 20-fold lower activity was found in an assortment of metabolic enzymes from the deep-sea crabs Chaceon fenneri and Chaceon quinquedens, when compared to the sublittoral Callinectes sapidus (Walsh & Henry 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…A previous report comparing 2 species of deep-sea crabs of the genus Chaceon with the sublittoral Callinectes sapidus concluded that activities of specific metabolic enzymes were generally much lower in the deep-sea decapod species (Walsh & Henry 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

2008

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When compared to the sublittoral Dungeness crab Cancer magister, the deep-sea Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri exhibited lower activities of enzymes involved in some of the processes essential for efficient acid -base regulation. Tissue enzymatic activities were compared between Dungeness crabs held in normoxia and Tanner crabs held in hypoxia -both treatments mimicking typical habitat oxygen levels. In the posterior gill, activities of all forms of ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were approximately 2-to 13.2-fold lower in Tanner crabs than in Dungeness crabs. CA activity in the heart and white muscle was also significantly lower in hypoxic deep-sea Tanner crabs, while ATPase activity in these 2 tissues was similar between the 2 treatments. Diagnostically, enzymatic activities were compared when both species were held in normoxic seawater, with additional significant differences found in specific white muscle ATPase fractions (amiloride-and N-ethylemaleimide [NEM]-sensitive ATPases) and tissue buffering (β) capacity. When both species were acclimated to normoxia, C. tanneri exhibited mass specific rates of oxygen consumption significantly lower (4.5-fold) than C. magister. Under short-term, strongly hypercapnic conditions (1% CO 2 ), the Dungeness crab displayed reduced (30 to 40%) branchial ATPase activities, while enzymatic activities in the Tanner crab gill, muscle and heart were refractive to short-term (24 h) hypercapnia, suggesting a minimal ability to tune branchial function to changing environmental conditions. These results support our hypothesis that the deep-sea Tanner crab has a reduced capacity for active transport of acid -base relevant ions, particularly at the gill, and is therefore at a marked disadvantage with respect to iono-and acid -base regulatory capacity. These results add to a growing database documenting the limited ability of deep-sea megafauna to compensate for internal acid -base disruptions associated with introduction of anthropogenic CO 2 into the deep sea.

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“…Benthic species are better represented by measurements of metabolic enzyme activities that serve as proxies for metabolic capacity. The majority of oxygen consumption and aerobic metabolic enzyme measurements in deep-sea benthic species, including echinoderms (Smith 1983), meiobenthic animals (Shirayama 1992), crabs and shrimp (Childress & Mickel 1985;Henry et al 1990;Walsh & Henry 1990;Childress et al 1990a;Bailey et al 2005), amphipods (Smith & Baldwin 1982;Treude et al 2002), sponges (Witte & Graff 1996) and octopods were at most oneto fivefold lower than shallow-living species after temperature correction and many of these groups show no decline at all (e.g. figures 1c, 2, 3c and 4).…”

Section: Rates Of Metabolism In Relation To Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

Seibel

Drazen

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

276

213

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The rates of metabolism in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere. The origins of this variation are a matter of active debate with some scientists highlighting the importance of anatomical or environmental constraints, while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands. Here, we analyse metabolic rates in diverse marine taxa, with special emphasis on patterns of metabolic rate across a depth gradient, in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. The conclusion from this analysis is that low rates of metabolism, in the deep sea and elsewhere, do not result from resource (e.g. food or oxygen) limitation or from temperature or pressure constraint. While metabolic rates do decline strongly with depth in several important animal groups, for others metabolism in abyssal species proceeds as fast as in ecologically similar shallow-water species at equivalent temperatures. Rather, high metabolic demand follows strong selection for locomotory capacity among visual predators inhabiting well-lit oceanic waters. Relaxation of this selection where visual predation is limited provides an opportunity for reduced energy expenditure. Large-scale metabolic variation in the ocean results from interspecific differences in ecological energy demand.Keywords: metabolism; deep sea; scaling; oxygen consumption; locomotion; marine INTRODUCTIONThe rates of metabolic processes in animals vary tremendously throughout the biosphere (e.g. Bennett 1991; Seibel 2007). The origins and scope of this variation are a matter of active debate. Some emphasize geometric and environmental constraints or resource limitation as its source (e.g. Gillooly et al. 2001;Brown et al. 2004), while others emphasize the diversity of ecological roles that organisms play and the associated energy demands (Childress 1995;Suarez 1996;Reinhold 1999;Clarke 2004;Seibel 2007) as a primary driver of metabolic variation. With this in mind, the present paper addresses three seemingly simple questions: (i) what is the extent of variation in the rate of metabolism across diverse taxa and environments, (ii) what environmental and ecological demands act on organisms to drive selection for high metabolic capacity, and (iii) under what environmental circumstances might such selection be relaxed or capacity be constrained?These questions have been pursued vigorously for decades but the clarity of the debate has been diminished by the subtlety of differences in capacity between the taxa most thoroughly studied, that often

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Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

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Activities of metabolic enzymes in the deep-water crabsChaceon fenneri andC. quinquedens and the shallow-water crabCallinectes sapidus

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Comparison of enzyme activities linked to acid–base regulation in a deep-sea and a sublittoral decapod crab species

The rate of metabolism in marine animals: environmental constraints, ecological demands and energetic opportunities

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Product

Resources

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Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab

Extracellular acidbase regulation during short-term hypercapnia is effective in a shallow-water crab, but ineffective in a deep-sea crab