Respiration, glycolysis and S-potentials in teleost retina: A comparative study

Santamaria, L.; Drujan, B. D.; Svaetichin, Gunnar; Negishi, K.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(71)90009-5

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…CVP fraction was prepared as outlined in Figure 1 and detailed in the Experimental Section. reported by Laser (1935), apparently owing to the inhibition of oxygen uptake in this buffer (Dickens and Greville, 1935). Other authors have confirmed this effect in the isolated pig, rabbit, and rat retina (Riley and Voaden, 1970) and in the isolated fish retina (Santamaria et al, 1971). Our results with phosphate-Ringer, where leucine incorporation into visual pigment was 26% of the value in bicarbonate-Ringer (Table I), support this "phosphate effect."…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The isolated retina seems ideal for this purpose, as pointed out by Ames (1965) and O'Brien et al (1972) in their arguments for the use of an in vitro system to study the metabolism and electrophysiology of the retina. An in vitro system was used by Santamaria et al (1971) to follow respiration, metabolic characteristics, and the S-potential in the isolated, pigment epithelium-free, fish retina. The uptake of glycine (Bruun and Ehinger, 1972) and 7-aminobutyric acid (Starr and Voaden, 1972) by the isolated retina was studied using the radioactive forms of these possible neurotransmitters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rhodopsin biosynthesis in vitro

Basinger¹,

Hall²

1973

Biochemistry

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An in cifro system for the biochemical and autoradiographic study of rhodopsin biosynthesis has been developed. Using the isolated frog retina, the incorporation of radioactive leucine into rod outer segment rhodopsin was measured under a variety of experimental conditions. Incorporation of leucine into rhodopsin was shown to increase linearly with time and with increasing isotope concentration, and was sensitive to puromycin and oligomycin, but not chloramphenicol. When measured at various temperatures from 0 to 34", maximal incorporation occurred at 26". Reduced incorporation occurred when the retinas were incubated in phosphate-Ringer medium containing 15 mM phosphate when compared to bicarbonate-Ringer containing 1.25 mM phosphate. Incorporation was also reduced by concentra-T h e vertebrate retina contains SDecialized cells which are responsible for receiving light energy and translating it into neurochemical impulses. These cells, the photoreceptors, are composed of two nearly separate segments, each performing different functions in the cell. The inner segment is responsible for biosynthesis, metabolism, and maintenance of the cell, and contains the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and a dense group of mitochondria which are located at its distal end. The cylindrical outer segment contains the light-trapping organelles, a stack ,of hundreds of lamellar membrane disks containing the visual pigment. These disks are separate in the rod outer segment, but continuous in the cone.The rod outer segment (ROS)l undergoes continuous renewal by assembling new disks at the base of the outer segment, a process which displaces the old disks toward the pigment epithelium (Young, 1967;Young and Droz, 1968;Young and Bok, 1969). To maintain the rod outer segment at a uniform length, the outermost disks are continuously shed into the pigment epithelium (Young and Bok, 1969). Autoradiographic and biochemical experiments using labeled amino acids injected in ciao have shown that protein for new disks is synthesized in the inner segment and subsequently transported to the outer segment where disk assembly occurs (Young and Bok, 1969;Hall et al., 1969).Since each frog photoreceptor cell makes about 36 new $ Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Institutes of H ealth. Abbreviations used are: RBG, Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate incubation medium; wash buffer, 0.067 M sodium phosphate-4 mM MgCI: (pH 7.0); ROS, rod outer segment; RR, retinal residues; CVP, crude visual pigment; O S , outer segment insoluble; RRS, retinal residue soluble; RRI, retinal residue insoluble; ft3/hr, standard cubic feet per hour. 1996 B I O C H E M I S T R Y , V O L . 1 2 , N O . 1 0 , 1 9 7 3tions of glucose greater than 20 mM and if casamino acids were added or if glycerol replaced glucose. Incubation was normally carried out in the dark using dark adapted, pigment epithelium-free retinas. If the retinas were partially bleached prior to incubation and incubated in the dark, no differences in incorporation of leucine ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%