Respirable dust concentrations in equine stables. Part 1: Validation of equipment and effect of various management systems

Clements, Jon; Pirie, R. S.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.12.002

Cited by 52 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, mean breathing zone respirable dust levels (0.089 mg/m 3 ) were generally comparable to those levels reported in conventional equine management systems when horses were fed dry hay (0.064 mg/m 3 ),29 and lower than those reported under low‐dust management when horses were fed haylage (0.22 mg/m 3 ) 11. The range of measurements was large (∼100‐fold difference between lowest and highest readings) but consistent with a previous study in thoroughbred racehorses and likely affected by individual horse behavior 7.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Ivester

Couëtil

Moore

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMild equine asthma is presumed to arise in response to environmental exposures but the relative impact of differing inflammatory phenotypes upon performance are largely unexplored. Hypotheses: Airway inflammation negatively affects performance and cytological phenotype varies with environmental exposure.AnimalsThoroughbred racehorses in active training and racing.MethodsThoroughbreds were recruited 24‐48 hours before racing. Each horse was eligible for re‐enrollment with each race entry. Within one hour of race completion, physical examination, respiratory endoscopy, and BAL were performed. Respirable and inhalable dust, respirable endotoxin, and respirable β‐glucan exposures were measured at the breathing zone within one week after racing. Controlling for age, trainer, and pulmonary hemorrhage, the relationship between performance, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and measures of exposure were modeled.ResultsPerformance and BALF data were collected on 64 individual horses from 8 stables for a total of 98 race performances and 79 dust exposure assessments. Evidence of mild equine asthma was found in 80% (78/98) of BALF samples from 52/64 horses. For each percent increase in BALF mast cell and neutrophil proportions, speed figures were reduced by 2.9 (P = .012) and 1.4 (P = .046) points, respectively. Respirable dust concentration was associated with BALF neutrophil proportions (P = .015). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mast cell proportions were only associated with respirable β‐glucan exposures (P = .030). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Mild equine asthma is common in racing horses and negatively impacts performance. The data support that respirable, rather than inhalable, dust exposure measures are pertinent to equine airway health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Ivester

Couëtil

Moore

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High dust concentrations are common in the environment of conventional stables43, 45, 46, 47, 48 and several studies have identified stabling of horses as a risk factor for IAD 28, 49, 50, 51. Within this environment, the respirable fraction can contain a variety of organic and inorganic particles including fungi, molds, endotoxin, beta‐D‐glucan, ultrafine particles (<100 nm in diameter), microorganisms, mite debris, vegetative material, inorganic dusts, and noxious gases 42, 45, 49, 52, 53…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Couëtil

Cardwell

Gerber

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

340

662

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clements and Pirie [19] also reported significant reductions in average ARD levels in the BZ of a pony fed soaked or immersed hay compared with dry hay. Although it is likely that using a low-dust regime such as feeding haylage and bedding on shavings would have similar benefits in terms of ARD to steamed hay and shavings, many owners do not have sufficient horses to use haylage within the recommended shelf life and find that it can be too energy dense for their horses in light work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In humans, dust entering the nose and throat (inhalable dust) is composed of particles of <100 mm, the extrathoracic portion that reaches the larynx is 10-100 mm, whereas tracheobronchial fraction (potentially caught on the mucociliary boarder) is 10 mm [16], although May et al [17] have suggested that a small percentage of these particles can reach the lower airways. However, it is widely accepted that the potentially allergenic dust to horses, which can reach the noncilia protected alveoli, is similar to in humans at <5 mm in size [13,18,19] and includes some of the fungal spores, notably Aspergillus spp (2-4 mm) which are of optimal size for alveolar deposition. Thermophilic actinomycetes such as Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula are small enough at <1 mm to flow freely with inspired and expired air, but repeated exposure increases the chances of particles being caught in the alveoli and so these actinomycetes are also implicated in the allergic respiratory disorder equine asthma [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Management Regime on Airborne Respirable Dust Concentrations in Two Different Types of Horse Stable Design

Auger

Moore-Colyer

2017

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tAirborne respirable dust (ARD) (<5 mm) in the stable environment is strongly implicated in equine asthma. Bedding, forage, ventilation rate, and stable management activities all contribute to ARD. This study investigated the relationship between ARD in the breathing zone (BZ) and the stable zone (SZ) in eight American barns (ABs) and eight stable complexes with individual stables under four different management regimes. Airborne respirable dust was measured in eight replicate stables per regime in ABs (n ¼ 32) and eight per regime in single stables (n ¼ 32). Regimes were as follows: (1) steamed hay and shavings; (2) dry hay and shavings; (3) haylage and straw; and (4) dry hay and straw. Samples were taken in quite periods between 3 PM and 4 PM hours. Airborne respirable dust levels were analyzed using Split-Plot analysis of variance and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test (Genstat 15) with P < .05 as significant. The lowest ARD (<360 RP/L air) was found for shavings and steamed hay in AB and single stables in both BZ and SZ. Straw and dry hay in ABs produced ARD of 6,250 (SZ), 5,079 RP/L air (BZ) which was greater (P < .05) than the 2,901 (SZ) and 942 (BZ) RP/L air in single stables. Straw and haylage produced more ARD across both zones in single stables compared with ABs. Shavings and dry hay ¼ more dust in the BZ than in the SZ, whereas straw and haylage ¼ higher ARD in the SZ versus the BZ across both stable designs. Using dry hay and/or straw cannot be recommended as a suitable management regime for stabled horses.

show abstract

Respirable dust concentrations in equine stables. Part 1: Validation of equipment and effect of various management systems

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

The Effect of Management Regime on Airborne Respirable Dust Concentrations in Two Different Types of Horse Stable Design

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About