Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Couëtil, Laurent L.; Cardwell, J. M.; Gerber, Vinzenz; Lavoie, Jean‐Pierre; Léguillette, Renaud; Richard, Éric

doi:10.1111/jvim.13824

Cited by 318 publications

(703 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(460 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to young horses entering training (age <36 months),7 eosinophilic inflammation was rare in this population (4.0 years ±1.4 years). Such high disease prevalence based on BALF cytology is consistent with a previous study reporting that 129 of 138 clinically healthy racehorses exhibited increased inflammatory cell proportions when using the consensus definition 1, 25…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The fact that this effect was nonsignificant for cut points of 5 and 10% suggests the threshold for performance‐relevant neutrophilic inflammation lies closer to the 6.2% defined as the upper limit of “normal” in the current study. Other investigators have suggested using higher thresholds for diagnosing neutrophilic or mastocytic inflammation because of a concern that too many horses would be categorized as “abnormal.”8 Results from our study support the case definition of mild equine asthma and healthy control population with neutrophils ≤5% and mast cells ≤2% as recommended in the 2016 ACVIM consensus statement 1. In the evaluation of BALF cytology from individual horses, our data suggest that performance with a BALF mast cell proportion of 4%, for example, is likely to be reduced by 6 speed figure points when compared to the performance of the same horse with a BALF mast cell proportion of 2%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…However, in young horses, numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in BALF are often increased, suggesting hypersensitivity 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Different cytologic manifestations of equine asthma might reflect differing disease mechanisms with different implications for performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Ivester

Couëtil

Moore

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundMild equine asthma is presumed to arise in response to environmental exposures but the relative impact of differing inflammatory phenotypes upon performance are largely unexplored. Hypotheses: Airway inflammation negatively affects performance and cytological phenotype varies with environmental exposure.AnimalsThoroughbred racehorses in active training and racing.MethodsThoroughbreds were recruited 24‐48 hours before racing. Each horse was eligible for re‐enrollment with each race entry. Within one hour of race completion, physical examination, respiratory endoscopy, and BAL were performed. Respirable and inhalable dust, respirable endotoxin, and respirable β‐glucan exposures were measured at the breathing zone within one week after racing. Controlling for age, trainer, and pulmonary hemorrhage, the relationship between performance, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and measures of exposure were modeled.ResultsPerformance and BALF data were collected on 64 individual horses from 8 stables for a total of 98 race performances and 79 dust exposure assessments. Evidence of mild equine asthma was found in 80% (78/98) of BALF samples from 52/64 horses. For each percent increase in BALF mast cell and neutrophil proportions, speed figures were reduced by 2.9 (P = .012) and 1.4 (P = .046) points, respectively. Respirable dust concentration was associated with BALF neutrophil proportions (P = .015). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mast cell proportions were only associated with respirable β‐glucan exposures (P = .030). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Mild equine asthma is common in racing horses and negatively impacts performance. The data support that respirable, rather than inhalable, dust exposure measures are pertinent to equine airway health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Ivester

Couëtil

Moore

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Poor performance, increased amounts of mucus in the trachea, coughing, and nasal discharge are all clinical signs associated with IAD (2). Horses of any age can be affected, but IAD is more commonly reported in younger horses (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides musculoskeletal injuries, diseases of the airway in thoroughbred racehorses are the second most frequently encountered disorders (1), and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is one of the most common of these diseases in racehorses (2,3). Poor performance, increased amounts of mucus in the trachea, coughing, and nasal discharge are all clinical signs associated with IAD (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the presence of Mycoplasma as an etiologic agent of inflammatory airway diseases in thoroughbred racehorses in İstanbul Province

Mete¹,

Özgür²

2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Mycoplasma equirhinis and Mycoplasma felis are thought to be infectious etiologic agents of inflammatory airway disease (IAD), which, after musculoskeletal injuries, is the second most common cause of poor performance in thoroughbred racehorses. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of M. equirhinis, M. felis, and other Mycoplasma spp. in the lower respiratory tract of racehorses in İstanbul Province in Turkey and to statistically evaluate the association between clinical signs of IAD and the presence of mycoplasmas. Tracheal wash (TW) samples were collected from 111 English and Arabian thoroughbred horses that showed clinical signs of IAD. TW samples were examined by culture and PCR methods. The detection rates of Mycoplasma spp., M. felis, and M. equirhinis were found to be 16.2%, 0%, and 18% by culture and 59.5%, 1.8%, and 6.3% by PCR in TW samples, respectively. According to statistical evaluations, a significant association was found for the presence of M. felis in English thoroughbred racehorses. However, no significant association was found between clinical signs of IAD and the presence of M. equirhinis, M. felis, and other Mycoplasma spp.

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Anesthetic Management for Inflammatory or Infectious Respiratory Diseases

Lascola¹,

Clark‐Price²

2022

Equine Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease

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Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Cited by 318 publications

References 130 publications

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds

Investigation of the presence of Mycoplasma as an etiologic agent of inflammatory airway diseases in thoroughbred racehorses in İstanbul Province

Anesthetic Management for Inflammatory or Infectious Respiratory Diseases

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