Resource Requirements and Speed versus Geometry of Unconditionally Secure Physical Key Exchanges

Gonzalez, Elias; Balog, Robert S.; Kish, László B.

doi:10.3390/e17042010

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To improve the security of the original scheme, different enhanced versions of the KLJN were introduced [4, [44][45][46][47][48][49]. A variety of potential applications have been proposed for the KLJN system [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: { } M a Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

et al. 2021

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Recently, several passive and active attack methods have been proposed against the Kirchhoff–Law–Johnson–Noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme by utilizing direct (DC) loop currents. The DC current attacks are relatively easy, but their practical importance is low. On the other hand, parasitic alternating (AC) currents are virtually omnipresent in wire-based systems. Such situations exist due to AC ground loops and electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, utilizing AC currents for attacks is a harder problem. Here, we introduce and demonstrate AC current attacks in various frequency ranges. The attacks exploit a parasitic/periodic AC voltage-source at either Alice’s or Bob’s end. In the low-frequency case, the procedure is the generalized form of the former DC ground-loop-based attack. In the high-frequency case, the power density spectrum of the wire voltage is utilized. The attack is demonstrated in both the low and the high-frequency situations. Defense protocols against the attack are also discussed.

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Section: { } M a Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

et al. 2021

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“…Practical applications have potential to introduce unconditional security, among others, for networks and smart grids [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]; computers, instruments, credit cards, key cards, PUF [67][68][69]; autonomic vehicle systems [70][71]; and accelerated IT-secure key exchange [72].…”

Section: The Kljn Key Exchange Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the only system § Corresponding author. in this security class that can be integrated on a chip with today's available technology, and it can have a wide range of related applications [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Man in the Middle and Current Injection Attacks Against the KLJN Key Exchanger Compromised by DC Sources

Melhem

Kish

2020

Fluct. Noise Lett.

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This study addresses a new question regarding the security of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) scheme compromised by DC sources at Alice and Bob: What is the impact of these parasitic sources on active attacks, such as the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, or the current injection attack if Alice and Bod did not eliminate these sources? The surprising answer is that the parasitic DC sources actually increase the security of the system because, in the case of the MITM attack, they make easier to uncover the eavesdropping than the ideal situation. In some of the cases, Eve can fix this deficiency but then the problem gets reduced to the original MITM attack to which the KLJN scheme is immune, it is already proven earlier.

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“…The G system does not consider multi-hop cases and would give the sensor a key exchange trust evaluation of the last sensor it was able to communicate with, this can be improved in future work. Sensor networks can also utilize different protocols for different KLJN geometric networks to reduce the cable, time, and KLJN communicators cost as has been analyzed in [65,66].…”

Section: Open Questions and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Exchange Trust Evaluation in Peer-to-Peer Sensor Networks With Unconditionally Secure Key Exchange

Gonzalez

Kish

2016

Fluct. Noise Lett.

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As the utilization of sensor networks continue to increase, the importance of security becomes more profound. Many industries depend on sensor networks for critical tasks, and a malicious entity can potentially cause catastrophic damage. We propose a new key exchange trust evaluation for peer-to-peer sensor networks, where part of the network has unconditionally secure key exchange. For a given sensor, the higher the portion of channels with unconditionally secure key exchange the higher the trust value. We give a brief introduction to unconditionally secured key exchange concepts and mention current trust measures in sensor networks. We demonstrate the new key exchange trust measure on a hypothetical sensor network using both wired and wireless communication channels. Unconditionally secure key exchangeIn software-based key distribution (exchange) protocols the security is only computationally-conditional, meaning that the eavesdropper has all the communicated information, and with enough computing resources or time the key can be fully extracted. The advantage of software-based key distributions is that they are relatively cheap, easy to install and run, and the key can be exchanged wirelessly.Unconditionally secure key exchanges are key distribution methods that are information theoretically secure [26], which means that the information is not in

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Resource Requirements and Speed versus Geometry of Unconditionally Secure Physical Key Exchanges

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme

Man in the Middle and Current Injection Attacks Against the KLJN Key Exchanger Compromised by DC Sources

Key Exchange Trust Evaluation in Peer-to-Peer Sensor Networks With Unconditionally Secure Key Exchange

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