Resource Limitation of Bacterial Production Distorts the Temperature Dependence of Oceanic Carbon Cycling

López‐Urrutia, Ángel; Morán, Xosé Anxelu G.

doi:10.1890/06-1641

Cited by 195 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…These results agree with previous laboratory findings of a negative UV-B effect on BGE or BR in some bacterial strains isolated 708 P. Carrillo et al: Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification from alpine lakes, but a positive effect on others, suggesting a strain-specific response (Hörtnagl et al, 2010). Nevertheless, changes in BGE are frequently observed when bacterial growth is limited by substrate availability (del Giorgio and Cole, 1998;López-Urrutia and Morán, 2007). Although our experiments were not specifically designed to test the role of organic substrates on BGE, we did not find a significant direct relationship between EOC rate and BGE in each lake.…”

Section: Uvr and Increased Stratification Effect On The Commensalistisupporting

confidence: 92%

Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes

et al. 2015

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Abstract. An indirect effect of global warming is a reduction in the depth of the upper mixed layer (UML) causing organisms to be exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet (UVR, 280-400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm). This can affect primary and bacterial production as well as the commensalistic phytoplankton-bacteria relationship. The combined effects of UVR and reduction in the depth of the UML were assessed on variables related to the metabolism of phytoplankton and bacteria, during in situ experiments performed with natural pico-and nanoplankton communities from two oligotrophic lakes with contrasting UVR transparency (high-UVR versus low-UVR waters) of southern Spain. The negative UVR effects on epilimnetic primary production (PP) and on heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP), intensified under increased stratification, were higher in the low-UVR than in the high-UVR lake, and stronger on the phytoplanktonic than on the heterotrophic bacterial communities. Under UVR and increased stratification, the commensalistic phytoplankton-bacteria relationship was strengthened in the high-UVR lake where excretion of organic carbon (EOC) rates exceeded the bacterial carbon demand (BCD; i.e., BCD : EOC(%) ratio < 100). This did not occur in the low-UVR lake (i.e., BCD : EOC(%) ratio > 100). The greater UVR damage to phytoplankton and bacteria and the weakening of their commensalistic interaction found in the low-UVR lake indicates that these ecosystems would be especially vulnerable to UVR and increased stratification as stressors related to global climate change. Thus, our findings may have important implications for the carbon cycle in oligotrophic lakes of the Mediterranean region.

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Section: Uvr and Increased Stratification Effect On The Commensalistisupporting

confidence: 92%

Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes

et al. 2015

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“…Although it should be kept in mind that PHP in the deep ocean is not only fuelled by recalcitrant compounds since sinking particles and physical transport can export labile compounds to the ocean interior (Carlson et al, 2010;Follett et al, 2014). Furthermore, the E a for the epipelagic layer was somewhat below the E a value of 62.7 kJ mol −1 that has been predicted by recent theories for overall heterotrophic organism metabolism, suggesting that factors other than temperature (e.g., substrate) also limit the PHP in this layer (Brown et al, 2004;López-Urrutia and Morán, 2007). In the mesopelagic zone the E a of 72 ± 15 kJ mol −1 was very close to the theoretical value, suggesting that temperature is one of the main limiting factors for the PHP in this layer.…”

Section: Application Of Ecosystem Level Activation Energies In Earth mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Global warming will thereby change biological, chemical and physical processes in the ocean and affect ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical fluxes. As temperature is an important regulator of most biological processes including the metabolic activity of prokaryotes (White et al, 1991;Pomeroy and Wiebe, 2001;López-Urrutia and Morán, 2007;Calvo-Díaz et al, 2014), accurate knowledge on the impact of rising ocean temperatures on biological rates is pivotal for predicting the biosphere's feedback to these changes and how this will impact the global carbon cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

et al. 2016

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Marine prokaryotes play a key role in cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the ocean. Using a unique dataset (>14,500 samples), we applied a space-for-time substitution analysis to assess the temperature dependence of prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) in epi-(0-200 m), meso-(201-1000 m) and bathypelagic waters (1001-4000 m) of the global ocean. Here, we show that the temperature dependence of PHP is fundamentally different between these major oceanic depth layers, with an estimated ecosystem-level activation energy (E ) of 36 ± 7 kJ mol −1 for the epipelagic, 72 ± a 15 kJ mol −1 for the mesopelagic and 274 ± 65 kJ mol −1 for the bathypelagic realm. We suggest that the increasing temperature dependence with depth is related to the parallel vertical gradient in the proportion of recalcitrant organic compounds. These E a predict an increased PHP of about 5, 12, and 55% in the epi-, meso-, and bathypelagic ocean, respectively, in response to a water temperature increase by 1 • C. Hence, there is indication that a major thus far underestimated feedback mechanism exists between future bathypelagic ocean warming and heterotrophic prokaryotic activity.

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“…This result is consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology (Brown et al 2004), which predicts a strong temperature dependence of heterotrophic metabolism compared to autotrophic metabolism. Although testing our data within the framework of the metabolic theory of ecology is not the purpose of this article, and although we did not measure specific heterotrophic activity, we point out the potential applicability of this theory to understanding the functioning of marine and terrestrial ecosystems under global warming, as suggested previously (LopezUrrutia and Moran 2007;Lopez-Urrutia 2008). Further studies should test this unifying theory by considering resource limitation and organismal interactions such as predation to better evaluate biological responses to different global change scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

Vidussi

Mostajir

Fouilland

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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The responses of the plankton food web to increases in temperature and ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR, were experimentally investigated at a coastal Mediterranean site during spring. Eight moored mesocosms were used to compare natural plankton food web responses (control mesocosms) with three treatments simulating expected future local temperature and UVBR increases, as follows: (1) 3uC increase in water temperature, (2) 20% increase in incident UVBR, and (3) simultaneous 3uC increase in water temperature and 20% increase in incident UVBR. The plankton food web was resistant to elevated UVBR, having only moderate effects on plankton abundances and structure. In contrast, warming induced significant shifts in the plankton food web structure and function. Specifically, the abundance of protozooplankton (ciliates and flagellates) increased and the development time of copepods from nauplii to adults decreased. In the warm mesocosms, the emergence of copepod adult stages midway through the experiment resulted in a decrease in ciliates and consequently in an increase in heterotrophic flagellates. One unexpected result was that warming reduced the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria midway through the experiment. These results indicate a trophic-cascade effect under warming. The increase in adult copepods diminishes ciliates and in turn favors heterotrophic flagellates that consume bacteria. Warming also induced an increase in net oxygen production, indicating an increase in net primary production.

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Resource Limitation of Bacterial Production Distorts the Temperature Dependence of Oceanic Carbon Cycling

Cited by 195 publications

References 30 publications

Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes

Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes

Depth Dependent Relationships between Temperature and Ocean Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production

Effects of experimental warming and increased ultraviolet B radiation on the Mediterranean plankton food web

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