Surface plasmon resonance enhanced transmission through metal-coated nanostructures represents a highly sensitive yet simple method for quantitative measurement of surface processes and is particularly useful in the development of thin film and adsorption sensors. Diffraction-induced surface plasmon excitation can produce enhanced transmission at select regions of the visible spectrum, and wavelength shifts associated with these transmission peaks can be used to track adsorption processes and film formation. In this report, we describe a simple optical microscope-based method for monitoring the first-order diffracted peaks associated with enhanced transmission through a gold-coated diffraction grating. A Bertrand lens is used to focus the grating's diffraction image onto a CCD camera, and the spatial position of the diffracted peaks can be readily transformed into a spectral signature of the transmitted light without the use of a spectrometer. The surface plasmon peaks appear as a region of enhanced transmission when the sample is illuminated with p-polarized light, and the peak position reflects the local dielectric properties of the metal interface, including the presence of thin films. The ability to track the position of the plasmon peak and, thus, measure film thickness is demonstrated using the diffracted peaks for samples possessing thin films of silicon oxide. The experimental results are then compared with calculations of optical diffraction through a model, film-coated grating using the rigorously coupled wave analysis simulation method. C oupling of light with nanostructured objects leads to a variety of unique and potentially useful optical phenomena. 1 Some of the more interesting examples involve the coupling of light to nanostructured metal surfaces, which can lead to what is known as enhanced or extraordinary optical transmission. 2 The origins of enhanced transmission through metal films can be traced to the excitation of surface plasmons (SPs) in the nanostructured metal interface. 1b The high sensitivity of these SPs to the local dielectric conditions at the metal interface can be exploited in sensor development. 3 Examples of nanostructurebased plasmonic sensing include nanostructures consisting of nanohole arrays, 4 single nanometric holes, 5 nanoslit arrays, 6 and various grating-type and diffractive nanostructures. 7 A variety of fabrication strategies can be used to create nanostructured optical elements ranging from electron beam lithography to colloidal nanosphere lithography. 4a,8 Beyond these specialized methods, one can exploit the features of commercially available diffraction gratings as nanostructured elements. Indeed, optical sensors and SP-based sensing platforms that exploit gratings have become increasingly popular. 9 Gratings represent an inherently informationrich substrate due to SPs appearing not only in the directly reflected and transmitted peaks, but also in the various diffracted orders. 10 In addition, the SP response is highly tunable on the basis of the si...