The CeT 2 Al 10 family of orthorhombic compounds exhibits a very peculiar evolution from a Kondo insulator (T : Fe) to an unconventional long-range magnetic order (T : Ru, Os). Inelastic neutron-scattering experiments performed on single-crystal CeFe 2 Al 10 reveal that this material develops a spin gap in its magnetic spectral response below ∼50 K, with a magnetic excitation dispersing from E = 10.2 ± 0.5 meV at the Y zone-boundary point [q = (0,1,0)] to ≈12 meV at the top of the branch. The excitation shows a pronounced polarization of the magnetic fluctuations along a, the easy anisotropy axis. Its behavior is contrasted with that of the (magnonlike) modes previously reported for CeRu 2 Al 10 , which have transverse character and exist only in the antiferromagnetic state. The present observation is ascribed to a "magnetic exciton" mechanism invoked to explain a similar magnetic response previously discovered in YbB 12 .Kondo insulators (KIs) form a unique class of materials, in which semiconducting properties develop on cooling as a result of the opening of a narrow gap in the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy [1]. One central issue to understanding the peculiar properties of these materials is the interplay between the nonmagnetic singlet ground state prevailing in most KI materials at low temperature, and the tendency to develop short-range, dynamical, antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations, revealed by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. In the archetype compound YbB 12 , we have shown previously that the low-energy magnetic response in the KI state is dominated by a sharp, resolution-limited peak, located just below the edge of a spin gap, which disappears rapidly upon heating as the system enters the incoherent spin fluctuation regime [2]. This excitation was interpreted by Riseborough [3] as an exciton peak (a resonance mode in the spin response function) reflecting residual AF interactions between the renormalized 4f quasiparticles. This model is reminiscent of that proposed for the well-known "resonance mode" (RM) in high-T c superconductors [4]. A similar situation possibly occurs in SmB 6 as well [5]. On the other hand, evidence is still lacking for the existence of a RM-type excitation in the case of the Ce-based KIs, primarily because detailed studies of the q dependence of the magnetic response on single crystals are scarce [6].In this Rapid Communication, we present new INS results showing that CeFe 2 Al 10 is likely the first example of a Ce system with a RM excitation in the KI state. This compound belongs to the "1-2-10" series (RT 2 Al 10 with R a lanthanide element and T a transition-metal element such as Fe, Ru, or Os). Unlike its Ru and Os counterparts, which have been * jean-michel.mignot@cea.fr † Present address: Quantum Condensed Matter Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. extensively investigated for their unconventional combination of KI behavior and long-range magnetic order [7], CeFe 2 Al 10 is a classical KI, in which no magnetic order was obser...