Resonance ionization detection limits for hazardous emissions

Williams, Bradley A.; Tanada, Tony N.; Cool, Terrill A.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80185-2

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Robust and mobile Instrumentations for several applications have been developed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Some systems allow measurements directly on site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing

et al. 2012

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“…Robust and mobile Instrumentations for several applications have been developed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Some systems allow measurements directly on site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing

et al. 2012

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“…In particular, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) [7][8][9][10][11][12] and single photon ionization (SPI) [13][14][15][16] is applied with respect to soft ionization of organic molecules. The REMPI technique uses at least two photons for photoionization, which takes place via an optical resonance absorption step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with laser-based photoionization methods for analytical pyrolysis of PVC and tobacco

Adam¹,

Streibel²,

Mitschke³

et al. 2005

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…To verify the mobile unit with a first series of test substances, we used benzene, toluene, and the mono-and dichlorinated derivates for which the REMPI spectra are well defined [11,13,14].…”

Section: Some Laboratory Results Indicating Selectivity On-line Capamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems can only be overcome by a complete redesign of the inlet system. An improved sampling system should also contain means to measure and control the gas flow as well as a port for the injection of 13 C-containing standards so that the ion gas can be calibrated.…”

Section: Further Improvements Needed For a Jet-rempi Device For Practmentioning

confidence: 99%

DLR-Jet REMPI - Ultrasensitive Monitor for Process Control in Thermal Processes

Oser¹,

Thanner²,

Grotheer³

1998

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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Process control requires sensitive and selective on-line monitors for species concentrations. This applies in particular if feeds of varying compositions are involved. Current REMPI (= Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization) mass spectrometers would be suitable instruments in terms of selectivity and on-line capability, their sensitivities, however, are generally too low. By contrast, the DLR-Jet REMPI geometry provides a major sensitivity improvement. An extended test series shows that this is achieved without paying a price in terms of selevtivity. The paper provides some of these results and lists up the development steps needed to make Jet REMPI an instrument suitable for industrial use. Process Optimization and Control for Emission AbatementCurrent pollutant abatement technologies for thermal plants have mostly been developed in the context of incineration. Air pollutant cleaning devices (APCs) consist of wet or dry scrubbers, beds of activated carbon or catalytic converters. They are generally simply added to the primary process in order to trap or destroy pollutants formed there. Hence, they are called end-of-the-pipe techniques. The complementary approach is given by head-end techniques aiming at the reduction of pollutant formation. This can be accomplished by optimizing the process through carefully tailoring its design and operation parameters. With hydrocarbon flames, chemical kinetic models and models dealing with transport of heat and matter are now sufficiently accurate to enable such tailoring. In incineration, however, kinetic mechanisms are still poorly understood so that modeling is widely replaced by empirism.The other problem quite often involved in incineration is that the composition of the feed is subject to rapid changes. This requires that such an optimization has to be based on time-resolved concentration measurements of relevant species in the process gas. With a suitable computer program, these signals can be used to drive control means (e.g., air distribution flaps) so as to continuously optimize the process. This type of process control could not be carried out in the past for lack of sufficiently sensitive monitors.Some examples are given to illustrate the present situation. One of the very rare exceptions from the more current end-of-the-pipe technologies in incineration has been presented recently in Japan [1]. In an attempt to reduce NO emissions the re-burn technology, which has been developed for hydrocarbon combustors, was adopted to an incinerator. To this end, a re-burn zone was established above the grate using an additional natural gas burner. It was found that this technique not only diminished the NO release but also led to a significant reduction of dioxins as measured further downstream. Obviously, fuel-staging had an advantageous effect on precursors to dioxin formation, such as chlorophenols. Consequently, by continuously monitoring these species it should be possible to control the process in a way as to minimize precursor concentrations and hence dioxin release...

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Resonance ionization detection limits for hazardous emissions

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing

Real-time analysis of aromatics in combustion engine exhaust by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOF-MS): a robust tool for chassis dynamometer testing

Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with laser-based photoionization methods for analytical pyrolysis of PVC and tobacco

DLR-Jet REMPI - Ultrasensitive Monitor for Process Control in Thermal Processes

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