Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with laser-based photoionization methods for analytical pyrolysis of PVC and tobacco

Adam, Thomas; Streibel, Thorsten; Mitschke, Stefan; Mühlberger, F; Baker, Richard R.; Zimmermann, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.021

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…It was also due to the secondary reactions in the fast pyrolysis process. In the secondary reactions, heavier tar was generated with the generation of non-condensed gases [32].…”

Section: Mass Distribution and Gas Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Zhou

Onwudili

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains significant amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The reactivity of PVC may form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the pyrolysis of MSW, which can become a key challenge during the development of pyrolysis technologies.However, there is very limited work in relation to the influence of pyrolysis process conditions in terms of temperature and heating rate on PAHs formation during pyrolysis of PVC. In this work, the formation of 2-4-ring PAHs from the pyrolysis of PVC at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 °C and at fast and slow heating rates was investigated under a N2 atmosphere in a fixed bed reactor. With the increase of temperature from 500 to 900 °C, HCl yield decreased from 54.7 to 30.2 wt.%, while the yields of gases and PAHs in the tar increased. Slow pyrolysis generated higher HCl yield, and lower gas and tar yield than fast pyrolysis; the PAH yield obtained from the slow pyrolysis was much lower compared to fast pyrolysis. The results suggest that for fast pyrolysis, the dehydrochlorination of the PVC might be incomplete, resulting in the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds.

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“…It was also due to the secondary reactions in the fast pyrolysis process. In the secondary reactions, heavier tar was generated with the generation of non-condensed gases [32].…”

Section: Mass Distribution and Gas Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Zhou

Onwudili

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…This has been demonstrated by investigating single components, such as glycerine or D-glucose [1][2][3][4], biopolymers, such as cellulose, lignin or pectin [5,6], and more complex types of biomass, such as hardwood or softwood [7,8]. Another biomass of great interest is tobacco because its use in the form of cigarettes involves the generation of various smoke compounds from combustion and pyrolysis reactions [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since tobacco smoke is a complex and reactive matrix containing over 5,600 identified compounds in vapour and particle phases [11,24,25], unravelling mechanistic information in real time requires a fast analysis technique. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with photo ionisation has been proven to be capable of analysing cigarette smoke and other complex gas mixtures online with a high time resolution [10,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Various volatile organic compounds covering a wide dynamic range of concentrations can be detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco in a cigarette smoking simulator under air and nitrogen atmosphere

et al. 2012

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A coupling between a cigarette smoking simulator and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was constructed to allow investigation of tobacco smoke formation under simulated burning conditions. The cigarette smoking simulator is designed to burn a sample in close approximation to the conditions experienced by a lit cigarette. The apparatus also permits conditions outside those of normal cigarette burning to be investigated for mechanistic understanding purposes. It allows control of parameters such as smouldering and puff temperatures, as well as combustion rate and puffing volume. In this study, the system enabled examination of the effects of "smoking" a cigarette under a nitrogen atmosphere. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with a soft ionisation technique is expedient to analyse complex mixtures such as tobacco smoke with a high time resolution. The objective of the study was to separate pyrolysis from combustion processes to reveal the formation mechanism of several selected toxicants. A purposely designed adapter, with no measurable dead volume or memory effects, enables the analysis of pyrolysis and combustion gases from tobacco and tobacco products (e.g. 3R4F reference cigarette) with minimum aging. The combined system demonstrates clear distinctions between smoke composition found under air and nitrogen smoking atmospheres based on the corresponding mass spectra and visualisations using principal component analysis.

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“…for on-line analysis of flue gas of industrial incineration plants [29,[42][43][44][45], monitoring of automotive exhaust gas [32,46], and the time resolved analysis of coffee-roasting off-gas [47,48]. More recently, SPI-and REMPI-TOFMS was applied to the analysis of pyrolysis gas derived from thermal treatment of typical steel contaminants occurring in the steel recycling process from waste and scrap metals [49,50] and pure tobacco [50,51]. In the latter study, statistical evaluation has been applied to the distinction of different tobacco sorts on the basis of the often complex mass spectrometric data set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal desorption/pyrolysis coupled with photo ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis and discrimination of pure tobacco samples

Streibel

Mitschke

Adam

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with laser-based photoionization methods for analytical pyrolysis of PVC and tobacco

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Influence of process conditions on the formation of 2–4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride

Pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco in a cigarette smoking simulator under air and nitrogen atmosphere

Thermal desorption/pyrolysis coupled with photo ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis and discrimination of pure tobacco samples

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