The time-resolved measurement of gas components in the impact vibration environment such as combustion and explosion is of great significance for understanding the internal state and reaction process. In order to realize simultaneous detection of various gas components under impact vibration conditions, a method based on shock-resistant multi-reflection cavity is proposed to enhance spontaneous Raman scattering. The measurement system is divided into two parts: host subsystem and detection subsystem, which are connected by optical fiber. The host subsystem is far away from the impact site, while the detection subsystem is located at the measuring point, which can effectively improve the impact resistance by curing components and increasing shock absorption. At the same time, by means of signal enhancement, the measurement system can realize second-order time resolution and reliable measurement of gas components in strong impact vibration environment such as explosion. At the same time, by means of signal enhancement, the measurement system can realize second-order time resolution and reliable measurement of gas components in strong impact vibration environment such as explosion.