Resonance cavity enhanced midinfrared photodetectors employing subwavelength grating

Zohar, Moshe; Auslender, Mark; Hava, S.; Faraone, Lorenzo

doi:10.1109/nusod.2011.6041118

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a quest for thinning PDs, we proposed to replace the front DBR mirror by an one-dimensional (1D) gratingon-layer structure (GLS), and reported the proof-of-concept examples of HgCdTe based PDs 12,13 . The roundtrip phase control 1 extended to the presence of GLS and optimization allowed us 12,13 to achieve tolerant designs with the η ≈ 100% and backside DBR twice as thin as compared to those of an optimized conventional RCE PD comprising the same materials. Still, if the back mirror remains to be a DBR one the RCE device can not be downscaled anymore due to lower bounds imposed on the cavity and DBRs thicknesses by tailoring the round-trip phase and DBR mirrors' reflectance, respectively 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upmost efficiency, few-micron-sized midwave infrared HgCdTe photodetectors

et al. 2019

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Resonant cavity-assisted enhancement of optical absorption was a photodetector designing concept emerged about two and half decades ago, which responded to the challenge of thinning the photoactive layer while outperforming the efficiency of the monolithic photodetector. However, for many relevant materials, meeting that challenge with such a design requires unrealistically many layer deposition steps, so that the efficiency at goal hardly becomes attainable because of inevitable fabrication faults. Under this circumstance, we suggest a new approach for designing photodetectors with absorber layer as thin as that in respective resonant cavity enhanced ones, but concurrently, the overall detector thickness being much thinner, and topmost performing. The proposed structures also contain the cavity-absorber arrangement but enclose the cavity by two dielectric one-dimensional grating-on-layer structures with the same grating pitch, instead of the distributed Bragg reflectors typical of the resonant cavity enhancement approach. By design based on the in-house software, the theoretical feasibility of such ∼ 7.0µm − 8.5µm thick structures with ∼ 100% efficiency for a linearly polarized (TE or TM) mid-infrared range radiation is demonstrated. Moreover, the tolerances of the designed structures' performance against the gratings' fabrication errors are tested, and fair manufacturing tolerance while still maintaining high peak efficiency along with a small deviation of its spectral position off initially predefined central-design wavelength is proved. In addition, the electromagnetic fields amplitudes and Poynting verctor over the cavity-absorber area are visualized. As a result, it is inferred that the electromagnetic fields' confinement in the designed structure, which is a key to their upmost efficiency, is two-dimensional combining in-depth vertical resonant-cavity like confinement, with the lateral microcavity like one set by the presence of gratings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upmost efficiency, few-micron-sized midwave infrared HgCdTe photodetectors

et al. 2019

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“…We showed theoretical feasibility of subwavelength thick PDs based on the NFE optical absorption, which bypass a lower thickness bound inherent to RCE PDs, both conventional 1 ones and those implemented with a GL mirror 5,6 . NFE PDs for λ 0 = 3.5µm being only 1.53µm − 1.60µm thick, show nearly 100% peak efficiency unattainable by conventional RCE PDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Thus, our analysis concerns an absorber layer characterized optically by a refractive index (RI) n a and an extinction coefficient k a ≪ n a rather than being restricted to a specific PD technology. The optical approach can be refined by complementary electronic-device simulations.…”

Section: Proposed Photodetector Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin high efficiency photodetectors based on subwavelength grating and near-field enhanced absorption

2015

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Optical absorbers, comprising a thin semiconductor layer placed between two transparent ones in close proximity to a subwavelength grating, are considered. With no back mirror, these structures only mimic the resonant cavity enhanced photodetector, being an order of magnitude thinner. It is argued that the grating can assist the light confinement by near field microcavity resonance rather than by far field mirroring. Tolerant designs to attain nearly 100% optical absorption at a predefined wavelength are demonstrated, and the near-field enhancement of the absorption is confirmed. The results obtained indicate that the proposed near field enhanced photodetectors meet the combined challenges of significantly increasing the efficiency and reducing the complexity and size of the entire device as compared to the resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors, which may be useful for integrated multi-detector arrays.

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“…Various photosensitive devices based on MRPDs were reported in [57][58][59]. Moreover, the RCE-PDs based on grating were also presented in [60][61][62]. Due to the advantage of ultimate sensitivity combined with excellent timing accuracy, single-photon detectors, especially the single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), are important [63,64].…”

Section: Resonant-cavity-enhanced Photodetectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the Bandwidth-Quantum Efficiency Trade-Off in Conventional Photodetectors

Zhou¹,

Chee²

2019

Photodetectors [Working Title]

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Optical systems and microwave photonics applications rely heavily on high-performance photodetectors having a high bandwidth-efficiency product. The main types of photodetector structures include Schottky and PIN-photodiodes, heterojunction phototransistors, avalanche photodetectors, and metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors. Verticallyilluminated photodetectors intrinsically present bandwidth-efficiency limitations, but these have been mitigated by new innovations over the years in quantum well photodetectors, edge-coupled photodetectors and resonant-cavity enhanced photodetectors for improved photophysical characteristics. Edge-coupled ultra-high-speed photodetectors have yielded high conversion efficiencies, and the active device structure of resonantcavity-enhanced photodetectors allows wavelength selectivity and optical field enhancement due to resonance, enabling photodetectors to be made thinner and hence faster, while simultaneously increasing the quantum efficiency at the resonant wavelengths. Single-photon avalanche diodes have been developed, which combine an ultimate sensitivity with excellent timing accuracy. Further advances in addressing the bandwidthquantum efficiency trade-off have incorporated photon-trapping nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles. Nanowire photodetectors have also demonstrated the highest photophysical performance to date.

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Resonance cavity enhanced midinfrared photodetectors employing subwavelength grating

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Upmost efficiency, few-micron-sized midwave infrared HgCdTe photodetectors

Upmost efficiency, few-micron-sized midwave infrared HgCdTe photodetectors

Ultrathin high efficiency photodetectors based on subwavelength grating and near-field enhanced absorption

Overcoming the Bandwidth-Quantum Efficiency Trade-Off in Conventional Photodetectors

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