Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPARγ activators

Patel, Lisa; Buckels, Amy C; Kinghorn, Ian; Murdock, Paul R.; Holbrook, Joanna D.; Plumpton, Christopher; Macphee, Colin H.; Smith, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02841-3

Cited by 870 publications

(716 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In fact, studies in humans reported conflicting results, indicating decreased or increased resistin levels in obesity, opposite responses to insulin-sensitisers and contradictory correlations between resistin and markers of insulin resistance [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It has also been suggested that resistin plays a role in inflammatory conditions, because it is expressed in human macrophages [16] and because recent data have supported the existence of an independent association of resistin with the inflammatory factors IL-6 and C-reactive protein [17]. The aim of the present study was to examine whether resistin is a marker of insulin resistance or lowgrade inflammation in a human model of extreme insulin sensitivity, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum resistin in elite endurance athletes with high insulin sensitivity

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: Resistin is an adipokine associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in animal models, but in humans its role remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to test whether serum resistin is related to insulin resistance and markers of low-grade inflammation in elite athletes taken as a model of extreme insulin sensitivity. Subjects materials and methods: In 23 elite athletes (sprinters, middle-distance and marathon runners) and in 72 sedentary men including lean and obese individuals with NGT, and obese individuals with IGT or new-onset type 2 diabetes, we assessed insulin sensitivity using a whole-body insulin-sensitivity index (WBISI) derived from a 3-h OGTT; energy homeostasis was also assessed by means of indirect calorimetry, along with circulating adipokines and low-grade pro-inflammatory cyto-chemokines.Results: Professional athletes had increased WBISIs (p<0.001) and lipid oxidation (p<0.03); they also showed higher serum resistin concentrations (p<0.001), although the pro-inflammatory chemokines were not increased in comparison with the other study groups. Resistin was independently associated only with fasting plasma NEFA. Increased resistin was detected in the middle-distance and marathon runners, but not in the sprinters when compared with the lean, young, sedentary individuals. Conclusions/interpretation: Serum resistin concentration is increased in elite athletes, providing evidence against the notion that resistin levels reflect insulin resistance in humans, as seen in animal studies. Increased resistin was observed in aerobicendurance, but not sustained-power athletes and this feature appeared to be independently associated with parameters of fatty acid metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum resistin in elite endurance athletes with high insulin sensitivity

et al. 2006

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“…In humans, resistin is mainly expressed in macrophages which may infiltrate adipose tissue in obesity. 1,2 Recent studies do not suggest a major role of resistin in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in humans. Circulating resistin was reported to be elevated in human obesity in some, [3][4][5] but not in all studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in serum resistin during weight loss in overweight subjects is related to lipid metabolism

et al. 2006

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Objective: Human resistin has been stated to influence preadipocyte cell numbers and to stimulate adipocyte triglyceride lipolysis in vivo and in vitro. However, its role in human obesity remains unclear. Design: Cross-sectional study for comparisons of lean and obese subjects, and subsequent longitudinal 4-month weight loss intervention study in obese subjects. Subjects: Healthy subjects, lean (n ¼ 20, BMIo25) and overweight (n ¼ 43, BMIX25). Measurements: Serum resistin, body weight, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, as well as markers of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism at baseline and after 4 months of intervention. Results: Serum resistin was positively correlated to HOMA-IR (partial r ¼ 0.288; P ¼ 0.055), serum fructosamines (partial r ¼ 0.280; P ¼ 0.062), serum NEFA (partial r ¼ 0.276; P ¼ 0.066) and negatively to age (partial r ¼ À0.349; P ¼ 0.019) and serum apolipoprotein A-1 (partial r ¼ À0.363; P ¼ 0.014). During the intervention, serum resistin increased significantly (Po0.001). The increase was inversely related to changes in waist-to-hip ratio (P ¼ 0.025) and positively to serum apolipoprotein B (P ¼ 0.011). In males only, the increase in resistin during weight loss was predicted by total serum cholesterol at baseline (r ¼ 0.703, P ¼ 0.007). No relation was observed between changes in resistin and changes in HOMA-IR. Conclusion: The present study indicates an association between serum resistin and markers of abdominal fat distribution as well as the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, human resistin is unlikely to play an independent role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.

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“…In contrast to findings in mice, the human resistin gene has its highest expression in bone marrow, whereas expression in adipose tissue is much lower than that in mouse adipose tissue (Patel et al 2003). Low expression of resistin has also been observed in several tissues including lung, breast and placenta (Yura et al 2003;Haugen et al 2006).…”

Section: Resistinmentioning

confidence: 63%

The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue

Haugen¹,

Drevon

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The importance of adipose tissue in health as well as disease has been demonstrated in several studies recently, and it has become appropriate to use the term 'adipose organ' when referring to adipose tissue as a whole. The obesity epidemic, with a marked increase in the incidence of the metabolic syndrome leading to diabetes type 2 as well as cardiovascular complications, has stimulated considerable interest in adipose tissue biology. Moreover, several studies in different species have shown that limited energy intake is associated with less inflammation, improved biomarkers of health and a marked increase in longevity. In addition, there is convincing evidence that an optimal amount of adipose tissue is essential for many body functions such as immune response, reproduction and bone quality. Some nutrients and their metabolites are important as energy sources as well as ligands for many transcription factors expressed in adipose tissue, including all energy-providing nutrients both directly and indirectly as well as cholesterol, vitamin E and vitamin D. In particular, fatty acids can be effectively taken up by adipocytes and they can interact with several transcription factors crucial for growth, development and metabolic response, e.g. PPARa, -d and -g, sterol regulatory elementbinding proteins1 and 2 and liver X receptors a and b). Moreover, glucose is also readily taken up and stored as fatty acids via lipogenesis in adipocytes. It is known that some metabolic signals released as proteins from adipose tissue (adipokines) are important for normal as well as pathological responses to the amount of energy stored in the adipose organ. The future challenge will be to understand the function of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis and the interplay with nutrients in order to be able to give optimal advice for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPARγ activators

Cited by 870 publications

References 20 publications

Increased serum resistin in elite endurance athletes with high insulin sensitivity

Increased serum resistin in elite endurance athletes with high insulin sensitivity

Increase in serum resistin during weight loss in overweight subjects is related to lipid metabolism

The interplay between nutrients and the adipose tissue

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