Resistencias y alternativas al desarrollo en América Latina y Caribe: luchas sociales contra el extractivismo

Abstract

Agradecemos a los/as investigadores/ as del GRISUL el trabajo de recogida y organización de los datos referentes a los conflictos por extractivismo (compilados en la cartilla Pacha: defendiendo la tierra. Extractivismo, conflictos y alternativas en América Latina, 2018), así como al Ateliê de Cartografia del Labmundo/IESP la elaboración de los mapas que ilustran este artículo.

Entre el petróleo y el medio ambiente: La lucha ambiental de la Corporación Regional Yariguíes-GEAM en Barrancabermeja, Colombia

“…América Latina se ha enfrentado en diversas ocasiones a proyectos extractivos que atentan contra los territorios (con todo lo que ellos significan) y su gente. Todo esto ha sido documentado a partir de estudios que demuestran cómo las acciones colectivas y/o movimientos sociales se enfrentan con el modelo de desarrollo imperante (Muñoz y Villarreal, 2018;Cárdenas, 2018;Buzón, 2016); otros, que resaltan la importancia de estudiar los conflictos ambientales surgidos por el extractivismo en torno a los territorios (Osejo y Ungar, 2017); caracterizaciones de la acción colectiva en América Latina (Svampa, 2009) y el ambientalismo en Colombia (Tobasura, 2007); por último, estudios que hacen énfasis en la movilización de recursos jurídicos contra el modelo extractivo (Hincapié, 2017).…”

Environmental racism and environmental injustice: Decolonial inflections and new agendas in Latin America and Brasil

“…(Araóz, 2010(Araóz, : 1902 Extractivism continues to be a dominant economic model. Its updated version combines the power of multinational companies with technological advancements and the support of national governments with neodevelopmental projects based on public-private partnerships (Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018. Northern colonialism is reappropriated by the Southern leaders, so that the national elites are in line with neoliberal developmental projects, mainly through flexible legislation, shaping internal colonialism (Rodriguez Mir, 2012;Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018).…”

“…Its updated version combines the power of multinational companies with technological advancements and the support of national governments with neodevelopmental projects based on public-private partnerships (Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018. Northern colonialism is reappropriated by the Southern leaders, so that the national elites are in line with neoliberal developmental projects, mainly through flexible legislation, shaping internal colonialism (Rodriguez Mir, 2012;Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018). Many national projects based on ideas of progress and development addressed to Latin American countries often rely upon colonialist ideas of delay and development (Salgado, Menezes & Sanchez, 2019;Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018).…”

“…Northern colonialism is reappropriated by the Southern leaders, so that the national elites are in line with neoliberal developmental projects, mainly through flexible legislation, shaping internal colonialism (Rodriguez Mir, 2012;Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018). Many national projects based on ideas of progress and development addressed to Latin American countries often rely upon colonialist ideas of delay and development (Salgado, Menezes & Sanchez, 2019;Muñoz & Villarreal, 2018). Despite the promise of development and wealth, "Latin America and the Caribbean is currently considered the most unequal [region] in the world and one with the highest concentration of wealth, land and income" (Muñoz & Villarreal, 2019: 309).…”

Neo-Extractivism and Formalization of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining—The Case of the Santurbán Moorland (Colombia)

“…Countries in the global south are characterized by having the greatest mining ac-tivity, resulting from the wealth of raw materials such as gold, nickel, coal, diamonds, bauxite, among others [1,2]. Latin America (LA) has stood out as a territory for metal exploration and exploitation, and its exports have concentrated on primary products and manufacture based on natural resources [3,4]. In this way, the 'boom of commodities' at the beginning of this century strongly influenced the economic context of LA countries, giving rise to a leading role of the state [5].…”