Resistencia in vitro a acaricidas tópicos de poblaciones de garrapatas Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus provenientes de cuatro departamentos de Colombia

SNPs and other polymorhisms associated with acaricide resistance in i Rhipicephalus microplus i

“…(136,137). Similarly, other authors have found ivermectine resistence in Uruguay (138), Colombia (139) and India (140). In Mexico, Perez-Cogollo et al (141), reported resistance against ivermectin for the first time in field strains in the state of Yucatan.…”

Resistance profile and molecular characterization of pyrethroid resistance in a Rhipicephalus microplus strain from Colombia

“…The present aimed to evaluate the resistance of the cattle tick R. microplus collected from a farm located in Arauca state, Northeast Colombia, where livestock is the main sector of the economy for the rural population and, so far, no studies of resistance have been conducted. With the exception of ivermectin, the situation observed in this farm was similar to that reported in other parts of the country (Puerta et al ., ; Villar et al ., ).…”

“…The findings have revealed that pyrethroids, in particular cypermethrin and deltamethrin, are no longer effective in Colombia and most farmers have now abandoned their use for tick control. Amitraz has lost more than 50% efficacy and, for the organophosphorus class, ethion is the only one maintaining close to 100% efficacy in most cattle populations examined (Villar et al ., ). Unfortunately, when a chemical is efficient, most Colombian farmers continue its application at regular short‐time intervals and to the entire herd to the point where it is no longer effective.…”

“…The adult immersion test (AIT) is one Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) approved method (FAO ) that has been widely used in South American countries to perform epidemiological studies of acaricide resistance (Bravo et al ., ; Andreotti et al ., ; Raynal et al ., ; Villar et al ., ). In addition, studies that compared efficacy acaricide evaluation in AIT tests with in vivo tests (natural or experimental stall infestations) found good correlation between both tests for different topical formulations (Maciel et al ., ; Rodriguez‐Correa et al ., ).…”

“…The traditional method of control used throughout the country has been the application of injectable and topical chemical acaricides. However, recent in vivo and in vitro studies conducted across the country have revealed widespread resistance to most commercial acaricides (López‐Arias et al ., ; Puerta et al ., ; Villar et al ., , ). The findings have revealed that pyrethroids, in particular cypermethrin and deltamethrin, are no longer effective in Colombia and most farmers have now abandoned their use for tick control.…”