Resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, England and Wales, 1989–95

Speller, D. C. E.; Johnson, Alan P.; James, Deborah; Marples, R. R.; Charlett, André; George, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)12148-1

Cited by 142 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From then onwards, MRSA began to spread in hospitals all around the world, but at the end of the 1980's and during the 1990's its prevalence truly exploded in many countries (67,68,69,70). In the beginning of the present century, it was shown that the majority of the at that time known international epidemic hospital strains, named Hospital-Acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), belonged to only five CCs: CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45 (42), and that they generally possessed one of the larger SCCmec-types I-III (71), partly explaining their resistance to most clinically used antimicrobial agents (5,72,73). As it is assumed that in humans, the use of large quantities of antimicrobial agents can lead to selection and emergence of organisms resistant to these agents (74), prolonged antimicrobial therapy has been designated a risk factor for the acquisition of HA-MRSA (75,76), as have prolonged hospitalization, care in an intensive care unit, surgical procedures, and close proximity to a patient in the hospital who is infected or colonized with MRSA (77,78).…”

Section: Mrsa: Methicillin-resistant S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in food production animals

et al. 2010

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SummaryUntil recently, reports on MRSA in livestock were mainly limited to occasional detections in dairy cattle mastitis. Since 2005 however, studies show the existence of an MRSA clone, CC398, which has been reported colonizing pigs, veal calves and broiler chickens and infecting dairy cows. Many aspects of its prevalence in pigs are not yet understood. In other livestock, colonizing capacity and reservoir status are still unclear.. MRSA CC398 has also been detected in meat but, like for other MRSA, the risk this might pose is rather unclear. For now, the most worrying aspect of MRSA CC398 seems to be its capacity to spread to humans. This might complicate MRSA control measures in human healthcare, posing for urgent research into risk factors and transmission routes. Overall, infections with MRSA CC398 are much less reported than carriage. More investigation into its pathogenic potential is though required. Also the origin and evolution of this clone remain to be revealed.3

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Section: Mrsa: Methicillin-resistant S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in food production animals

et al. 2010

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“…The rise was documented at the beginning of the 1980s in Italy [28], later in that decade in the USA [8] and in the 1990s in the UK [29]. MRSA is now a worldwide problem and has become common not only in tertiary care and university hospitals, but also in smaller facilities.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Mrsa In Hospitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is MRSA?

Pantosti¹,

Venditti²

2009

European Respiratory Journal

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For decades methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been considered the prototype of multi-resistant nosocomial pathogens, causing infections in highrisk patients. Changes in the healthcare system, coupled with the evolution of this versatile microorganism, have transformed MRSA into a cause of community-onset infections, in both patients who have contact with the healthcare system and patients without such a risk factor.New lineages of MRSA, defined as community acquired (CA)-MRSA, have emerged that have a propensity to cause infections in young individuals without risk factors. CA-MRSA primarily causes skin infections and, rarely, necrotising pneumonia. In the USA, these strains belong to a single widespread clone, designated USA300, while in Europe they belong to a variety of clones. Most strains carry genes for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, whose role in diseases is under debate.In subjects living in the community who have contact with the healthcare system, MRSA strains of the nosocomial type are a frequent cause of infection and of pneumonia in particular. The detection of a large MRSA reservoir in pigs and the finding that professionally exposed individuals are colonised, has further shown that it is necessary to closely follow the epidemiology of MRSA if we want to combat it effectively.

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“…Transmission of MRSA occurs through direct person-to-person contact, usually on the hands of health care workers. However, the prevalence of infection caused by MRSA remains relatively high despite intensification of preventive measures (2,17,22).…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocolitis Caused by Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization of Respiratory and Digestive Tract Isolates

Watanabe

Masaki

Asoh

et al. 2001

Microbiology and Immunology

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Abstract:We investigated the mechanism of outbreak of enterocolitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Five epidemiological markers [coagulase type, enterotoxin type, toxic shock syndrome toxin-l (TSST-l) production, ll-Iactamase production and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)] of 45 strains of MRSA isolated simultaneously from the respiratory tract (nasal cavity and/or pharynx and/or sputum) and stool (plus one sample of gastric juice) in 13 patients (8 males and 5 females, mean age, 77.1 years) were compared retrospectively. Forty-four of the 45 isolates of MRSA were positive for enterotoxin C and TSST-l production, and the remaining isolate was positive for enterotoxin A and negative for TSST-l production. All isolates were coagulase type II, and 27 showed ll-Iactamase production. The patterns of coagulase type, enterotoxin type, TSST-l and ll-Iactamase production of MRSA isolated from the respiratory tract were similar to those of MRSA isolated from the intestine in 12 of 13 patients. Molecular typing by PFGE demonstrated that the pattern of respiratory tract isolates was identical to those of stool isolates in 9 (69.2%), similar in 3 (23.1%), and different in 1 (7.7%). The data suggested that enterocolitis might be caused by the MRSA colonized in the respiratory tract and incorporated into the digestive tracts. Therefore, we propose that early eradication of MRSA in the respiratory tract is important for protection of patients against the development of enterocolitis, particularly in susceptible patients, e.g., immunocompromised or pre-operated patients with digestive diseases, especially malignant disease.

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Resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, England and Wales, 1989–95

Cited by 142 publications

References 9 publications

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in food production animals

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in food production animals

What is MRSA?

Enterocolitis Caused by Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Characterization of Respiratory and Digestive Tract Isolates

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