What is MRSA?

Pantosti, Annalisa; Venditti, Mario

doi:10.1183/09031936.00007709

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This observed resistance pattern agrees with the fact that HA-MRSA strains tend to be MDR (Pantosti and Venditti 2009). Finding that over 90% of the isolates detected in this study were HA-MRSA is an important issue, because treatment and management of this type of infection tends to be more complex and expensive (Chambers 2001, Etienne 2005.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 74%

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Balen

Kelley²,

Nava-Hoet³

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to be present in small animal veterinary clinical environments. However, a better understanding of the ecology and dynamics of MRSA in these environments is necessary for the development of effective infectious disease prevention and control programs. To achieve this goal, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance program was established at The Ohio State University (OSU) Veterinary Medical Center to describe the spatial and molecular epidemiology of this bacterium in the small animal hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, and dendrogram analysis were used to characterize and analyze the 81 environmental and 37 canine-origin MRSA isolates obtained during monthly sampling events. Overall, 13.5% of surfaces were contaminated with MRSA at 1 or more sampling times throughout the year. The majority of the environmental and canine isolates were SCCmec type II (93.8% and 86.5%, respectively) and USA100 (90.1% and 86.5%, respectively). By PFGE analysis, these isolates were found to be closely related, which reflects a low diversity of MRSA strains circulating in the hospital. For 5 consecutive months, 1 unique pulsotype was the most prevalent across the medical services and was recovered from a variety of surfaces and hospital locations. Carts/ gurneys, doors, and examination tables/floors were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Some surfaces maintained the same pulsotypes for 3 consecutive months. Molecular analysis found that incoming MRSApositive dogs were capable of introducing a new pulsotype into the hospital environment during the surveillance period. Our results suggest that once a MRSA strain is introduced into the hospital environment, it can be maintained and spread for extended periods of time. These findings can aid in the development of biosecurity and biocontainment protocols aimed at reducing environmental contamination and potential exposures to MRSA in veterinary hospital staff, clients, and patients.

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 74%

Presence, Distribution, and Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Small Animal Teaching Hospital: A Year-Long Active Surveillance Targeting Dogs and Their Environment

Balen

Kelley²,

Nava-Hoet³

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Among a plethora of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant threat to human and animal health (Enright 2003). MRSA is a Gram-positive bacteria, that is resistant to many antibiotics and possesses the ability to produce skin and tissue infections that are often nosocomial in nature (Pantosti et al 2009). Likewise, neuropathogenic E. coli K1 is a leading cause of neonatal meningitis contributing to significant morbidity and mortality, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy (Lee et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of antibacterial compound(s) of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana)

Ali

Siddiqui

Ong

et al. 2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Infectious diseases remain a significant threat to human health, contributing to more than 17 million deaths, annually. With the worsening trends of drug resistance, there is a need for newer and more powerful antimicrobial agents. We hypothesized that animals living in polluted environments are potential source of antimicrobials. Under polluted milieus, organisms such as cockroaches encounter different types of microbes, including superbugs. Such creatures survive the onslaught of superbugs and are able to ward off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. Here, we characterized antibacterial properties in extracts of various body organs of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and showed potent antibacterial activity in crude brain extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and neuropathogenic E. coli K1. The size-exclusion spin columns revealed that the active compound(s) are less than 10 kDa in molecular mass. Using cytotoxicity assays, it was observed that pre-treatment of bacteria with lysates inhibited bacteria-mediated host cell cytotoxicity. Using spectra obtained with LC-MS on Agilent 1290 infinity liquid chromatograph, coupled with an Agilent 6460 triple quadruple mass spectrometer, tissues lysates were analyzed. Among hundreds of compounds, only a few homologous compounds were identified that contained isoquinoline group, chromene derivatives, thiazine groups, imidazoles, pyrrole containing analogs, sulfonamides, furanones, flavanones, and known to possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, and possess antiinflammatory, anti-tumour, and analgesic properties. Further identification, characterization and functional studies using individual compounds can act as a breakthrough in developing novel therapeutics against various pathogens including superbugs.

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“…It is resistant not only to β-lactam antibiotics, but also to other antibacterial groups, such as fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides and aminoglycosides. Some strains that are partially or fully resistant to vancomycin have been found (Pantosti and Venditti, 2009). The search for novel drugs to combat MRSA infection is urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%