Resistance to Malathion in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN

Biochemical and molecular characterisation and cross‐resistance in field and laboratory chlorpyrifos‐resistant strains of Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from eastern China

“…Consequently, one of the major challenges in managing this pest is the threat of insecticide resistance, as the insect seems to have a remarkable ability to develop resistance to various insecticides . As early as the 1960s, malathion and hexachlorocyclohexane resistance in SBPH was recorded in Japan . According to the online Michigan State University Databases of Arthropods Resistant to Pesticides (http://www.pesticideresistance.org), SBPH has reportedly developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides including carbamates, organophosphates (OPs), cyclodiene organochlorines, pyrethroids, phenylpyrazoles, neonicotinoids and chitin biosynthesis inhibitor (buprofezin).…”

Cross‐resistance and possible mechanisms of chlorpyrifos resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)

“…Laodelphax striatellus populations have been discovered with resistance to organophosphate (OP), carbamate and neonicotinoid insecticide classes 3–8. In Japan, resistance of L. striatellus to the OP malathion was recognised as early as 1965,3 and since then the resistance to diazinon, fenobucarb and carbaryl has been reported 4, 5.…”

“…Laodelphax striatellus populations have been discovered with resistance to organophosphate (OP), carbamate and neonicotinoid insecticide classes 3–8. In Japan, resistance of L. striatellus to the OP malathion was recognised as early as 1965,3 and since then the resistance to diazinon, fenobucarb and carbaryl has been reported 4, 5. Recently, failure in field control of L. striatellus with insecticides has been reported in some areas of China, due to apparent resistance to members of the carbamate, neonicotinoid and organophosphate insecticide classes 5, 7, 8…”

Rice Planthoppers

“…Resistance has emerged in field populations of insect pests to all major insecticide classes such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, buprofezin, neonicotinoids, fipronil, and pymetrozine Davies et al 2007;Kimura 1965;Zibaee et al 2009;Nagata et al 2002;Sun and Dai 1984;Su et al 2013;Zhao et al 2011;Gorman et al 2010). …”

“…Almost all kinds of insecticides such as organochlorine Davies et al 2007), organophosphate (Kimura 1965;Zibaee et al 2009), carbamate , pyrethroid , buprofezin (Su et al 2013), neonicotinoid , fipronil (Zhao et al 2011), and pymetrozine (Gorman et al 2010) were used to control rice planthoppers in Asia. With the use of these insecticides, insecticide resistance appeared as a major problem in planthoppers management.…”