Resistance to Fluopyram, Fluxapyroxad, and Penthiopyrad in <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> from Strawberry

Amiri, Achour; Heath, S. M.; Peres, Natália A.

doi:10.1094/pdis-07-13-0753-re

Cited by 127 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Different single-point mutations in sdh gene are involved in resistance mechanisms of B. cinerea for these compounds (Veloukas et al, 2011(Veloukas et al, , 2013Yin et al, 2011;Veloukas & Karaoglanidis, 2012;Amiri et al, 2014). Our data are in agreement with recent reports (Veloukas et al, 2013;Amiri et al, 2014) as boscalid-resistant isolates used in this study possessed H272R mutation in the SdhB subunit that display a differential sensitivity to the SDHIs (Lalève et al, 2013;De Miccolis Angelini et al, 2014a). Control efficacy of SDHI fungicides confirmed data obtained in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The sensitivity to SDHIs was also tested in a conidial germination assay on WA, as previously described (Kim & Xiao, 2010;Amiri et al, 2014), for a subset of 14 B. cinerea isolates, selected according to different EC 50 values obtained from previous mycelial growth assays. The 5 μg mL −1 dose discriminated resistant from sensitive isolates.…”

Section: Determination Of Baseline Sensitivity To Fluopyram and Sensimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrepancies of cross-resistance patterns within SDHIs group, with particular reference to boscalid and fluopyram, were recently detected in vitro and by molecular analysis in target fungi from different hosts (Avenot & Michailides, 2010;Avenot et al, 2012;Amiri et al, 2014;De Miccolis Angelini et al, 2014a). These findings suggested slight differences in the binding sites in complex II of SDH and additional mechanisms of resistance for these molecules (Avenot et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from table grape in Italy

Vitale

Panebianco

Polizzi

2016

Annals of Applied Biology

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Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides constitute a relatively recent fungicide class registered for the treatment of grey mould on grapevine in Italy. The sensitivity profile to a novel compound fluopyram was established for a set of 203 Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from Sicilian vineyards within 2009-2012 prior its introduction into market. In addition, its performances were compared in in vitro and in vivo assays with other registered SDHI fungicide boscalid, to evaluate their frequency distributions EC 50 values and cross-resistance patterns. Results of the article showed that EC 50 values for fluopyram ranged from 0.05 to 1.98 μg mL −1 . Although EC 50 values of boscalid ranged from 0.01 to 89.52 μg mL −1 , no cross-resistance relationship was observed between the two fungicides (r = 0.003; P = 0.964) within our B. cinerea population. On further confirming these data, boscalid failed in controlling grey mould infections when boscalid-resistant isolates were inoculated on grape berries whereas fluopyram exhibited a good efficacy against the same isolates. This study represents the first report on the baseline sensitivity to fluopyram within B. cinerea population from Sicilian table grape vineyards in Italy, and it clearly shows the lack of cross-resistance in vitro and in vivo between fluopyram and boscalid for the field pathogen isolates. These results provided useful information for managing of fungicide resistance suggesting that fluopyram could be a valid alternative to boscalid for the control of grey mould of table grape.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Determination Of Baseline Sensitivity To Fluopyram and Sensimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from table grape in Italy

Vitale

Panebianco

Polizzi

2016

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…However, most of the boscalid-resistant mutants had a base change (CCC ¡ CTC) which resulted in a P225L substitution in sdhB. This substitution has not been found in boscalid-resistant field strains of B. cinerea, which contained H272R, H272Y, H272L, N230I, and P225F substitutions instead (35,36; S. Rupp, unpublished data). Induced selection of carbendazim resistance in B. pseudocinerea resulted in the preferential occurrence of the F200Y mutation in ␤-tubulin, which is less common than the E198A mutation in field strains of B. cinerea (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Plesken

Weber

Rupp

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cBotrytis cinerea is one of the most important pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold on a large variety of crops. Botrytis pseudocinerea has been found previously to occur together with B. cinerea in low abundance in vineyards and strawberry fields. Here, we report B. pseudocinerea to be common and sometimes dominant over B. cinerea on several fruit and vegetable crops in Germany. On apples with calyx end rot and on oilseed rape, it was the major gray mold species. Abundance of B. pseudocinerea was often negatively correlated with fungicide treatments. On cultivated strawberries, it was frequently found in spring but was largely displaced by B. cinerea following fungicide applications. Whereas B. cinerea strains with multiple-fungicide resistance were common in these fields, B. pseudocinerea almost never developed resistance to any fungicide even though resistance mutations occurred at similar frequencies in both species under laboratory conditions. The absence of resistance to quinone outside inhibitors in B. pseudocinerea was correlated with an intron in cytB preventing the major G143A resistance mutation. Our work indicates that B. pseudocinerea has a wide host range similar to that of B. cinerea and that it can become an important gray mold pathogen on cultivated plants. Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is one of the most important plant pathogens worldwide, causing gray mold rot on far more than 200 plant species, including cultivated fruits, vegetables, and ornamental flowers. In addition to its wide host range, typical features of B. cinerea are a necrotrophic, macerating mode of infection, abundant production of asexual macroconidia on the surface of colonized host tissue, and formation of melanized sclerotia for long-term survival and sexual reproduction. Control of gray mold often relies on the use of fungicides although the efficacy of such treatments is threatened worldwide by the abundance of fungicide-resistant B. cinerea field strains (1). Based on gene sequence comparisons, the genus Botrytis has been divided into two phylogenetically separate clades (2). Clade 1 includes B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea as well as the host-specific species B. fabae, B. calthae, and B. sinoviticola; all of these infect only dicot plants. Clade 2 is phylogenetically more diverse and currently comprises 23 host-specific Botrytis species that infect predominantly monocots (2-4).B. cinerea shows considerable variability in mycelial growth phenotype, conidiation, and sclerotium formation. Numerous studies have also documented a high degree of genetic variability within the species. Based on the analysis of PCR-restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, fungicide resistance, and the detection of transposable elements, Giraud et al. provided evidence of the existence of genetically distinct groups within B. cinerea (5, 6). In particular, the presence or absence of the long terminal repeat retrotransposon Boty (7) and of the DNA transposon Flipper (8) was used to divide isolates into different transposon types, e...

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“…Resistance to boscalid, the first SDHI molecule introduced as a botryticide, emerged soon after the onset of its use. Currently, resistance to SDHIs has been reported in B. cinerea populations originating from table grapes, strawberry, tomato, lettuce, kiwi fruit, and apple fruit in several European and North or South America countries (Bardas et al, 2010; Kim and Xiao, 2010; Leroux et al, 2010; Leroch et al, 2011; Veloukas et al, 2011; Fernandez-Ortuno et al, 2012; Chatzidimopoulos et al, 2013; Amiri et al, 2014; De Miccolis Angelini et al, 2014b; Hahn, 2014; Konstantinou et al, 2015). Sequence analysis of the four sdh subunits in SDHI-resistant strains revealed that resistance was associated with nine target site mutations located in the sdh B subunit and one mutation in the sdh D subunit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of sdhB Gene Mutations in SDHI-Resistant Isolates of Botrytis cinerea Using High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis

2016

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Botrytis cinerea, is a high risk pathogen for fungicide resistance development. Pathogen’ resistance to SDHIs is associated with several mutations in sdh gene. The diversity of mutations and their differential effect on cross-resistance patterns among SDHIs and the fitness of resistant strains necessitate the availability of a tool for their rapid identification. This study was initiated to develop and validate a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the identification of P225H/F/L//T, N230I, and H272L/R/Y mutations. Based on the sequence of sdhB subunit of resistant and sensitive isolates, a universal primer pair was designed. The specificity of the HRM analysis primers was verified to ensure against the cross-reaction with other fungal species and its sensitivity was evaluated using concentrations of known amounts of mutant’s DNA. The melting curve analysis generated nine distinct curve profiles, enabling the discrimination of all the four mutations located at codon 225, the N230I mutation, the three mutations located in codon 272, and the non-mutated isolates (isolates of wild-type sensitivity). Similar results were obtained when DNA was extracted directly from artificially inoculated strawberry fruit. The method was validated by monitoring the presence of sdhB mutations in samples of naturally infected strawberry fruits and stone fruit rootstock seedling plants showing damping-off symptoms. HRM analysis data were compared with a standard PIRA–PCR technique and an absolute agreement was observed suggesting that in both populations the H272R mutation was the predominant one, while H272Y, N230I, and P225H were detected in lower frequencies. The results of the study suggest that HRM analysis can be a useful tool for sensate, accurate, and rapid identification of several sdhB mutations in B. cinerea and it is expected to contribute in routine fungicide resistance monitoring or assessments of the effectiveness of anti-resistance strategies implemented in crops heavily treated with botryticides.

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Resistance to Fluopyram, Fluxapyroxad, and Penthiopyrad in Botrytis cinerea from Strawberry

Cited by 127 publications

References 35 publications

Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from table grape in Italy

Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from table grape in Italy

Botrytis pseudocinerea Is a Significant Pathogen of Several Crop Plants but Susceptible to Displacement by Fungicide-Resistant B. cinerea Strains

Detection of sdhB Gene Mutations in SDHI-Resistant Isolates of Botrytis cinerea Using High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis

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