Baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea from table grape in Italy

Abstract

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides constitute a relatively recent fungicide class registered for the treatment of grey mould on grapevine in Italy. The sensitivity profile to a novel compound fluopyram was established for a set of 203 Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from Sicilian vineyards within 2009-2012 prior its introduction into market. In addition, its performances were compared in in vitro and in vivo assays with other registered SDHI fungicide boscalid, to evaluate their frequency distributions EC 50 values and cross-resistance patterns. Results of the article showed that EC 50 values for fluopyram ranged from 0.05 to 1.98 μg mL −1 . Although EC 50 values of boscalid ranged from 0.01 to 89.52 μg mL −1 , no cross-resistance relationship was observed between the two fungicides (r = 0.003; P = 0.964) within our B. cinerea population. On further confirming these data, boscalid failed in controlling grey mould infections when boscalid-resistant isolates were inoculated on grape berries whereas fluopyram exhibited a good efficacy against the same isolates. This study represents the first report on the baseline sensitivity to fluopyram within B. cinerea population from Sicilian table grape vineyards in Italy, and it clearly shows the lack of cross-resistance in vitro and in vivo between fluopyram and boscalid for the field pathogen isolates. These results provided useful information for managing of fungicide resistance suggesting that fluopyram could be a valid alternative to boscalid for the control of grey mould of table grape.

Nanomaterials as Alternative Control Means Against Postharvest Diseases in Fruit Crops

“…On the other hand, the broad pre-and post-harvest use of chemical fungicides has caused resistant strains of pathogens resulting in a breakdown of fungicide effectiveness [14,15]. In spite of the fact that these techniques are expensive and take time, they are important to extend the technical life of fungicides after some time [16,17]. Furthermore, consumers are worried about the utilization of chemical fungicides since their active ingredients and co-formulants have been related to health problems and ecological contamination [18].…”

Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

“…The most recently introduced class of synthetic fungicides belongs to the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHIs) [ 66 ]. In 2012, a novel SDHI, named fluopyram, was registered against B. cinerea and it was able to control grey mould infections in table grapes, with efficacy of inhibition in the range 80.1–94.4% [ 52 ]. However, high risks of rapid occurrence of resistance without appropriate management has already been underlined in other crops [ 67 ].…”

Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum

“…Moreover, the biocidal effect generates a selection pressure on the fungus, causing resistance and creating a vicious circle: supplementary fungicides to overcome resistance and therefore higher risk to environment and human health [5]. Due to the economic importance of tomato and the increasing resistance of B. cinerea to synthetic fungicides, new alternatives are required to reduce the spread of GMD both in the field and postharvest fruits [6,7]. One crucial strategy implemented for such control has been the use of natural compounds to reduce GMD, such as chitosan, plant extracts, and essential oils [8].…”