“…As above, and with reference to the aforementioned literature review, in order to apprehend the reality of the developing ELE in HEI, precisely in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a conceptual model was proposed. This model focused on the assessment of ELE by considering four factors affecting ELE in terms of direct and indirect relationships: ELS [ 4 , 26 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 39 ], ELR [ 30 , 34 , 35 ], INTRVAY, [ 38 , 42 , 46 , 73 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 81 ] and RTC [ 32 , 34 , 45 , 88 ]. Integrating those factors resulted in the model depicted in Figure 1 .…”