Resistance Status of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> to Deltamethrin, Malathion, and Temephos in Ecuador

Morales, Diego; Ponce, Patricio; Cevallos, Varsovia; Espinosa, Pablo; Vaca, Diana J.; Quezada, Walter

doi:10.2987/19-6831.1

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is compounded by its poor adsorption in the clay type of soil in the zone Cienega, thereby contributing to its high levels in aqueous surfaces (Kulluru et al 2010;IIEG 2018). Analysis of various reports in the literature on the concentrations of malathion in surface water and runoff shows that the highest levels in water were reported in the Ayuquila-Armería River in the states of Jalisco-Colima, Mexico (average: 500120 ppb), a value that is very close to that reported in drainage waters in Damietta, Egypt, with a range of 71.9 to 466 ppb (Burgos-Hernández et al 2006;Morales et al 2019;Rodríguez-Aguilar et al 2019;Abdel-Halim et al 2006;Anderson et al 2018;Sankararamakrishnan et al 2005;Mekonen et al 2016;Derbalah et al 2019). In this study, the results obtained in the Cienega region are disturbing.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Malathionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Pesticide Contamination in Drinking and Surface Water in the Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico

Silva-Madera

Salazar-Flores

Peregrina-Lucano

et al. 2021

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Sixty percent of global agricultural production depends on the use of pesticides, despite their adverse effects on human health and the ecosystem. In Mexico, the application of these products has been exacerbated, including pesticides already banned in other countries. The objective of this study was to determine pesticide concentrations in samples of water purification plants and surface water from the Cienega area of Jalisco, Mexico. A survey of 119 farmers with occupational exposure to pesticides was carried out in order to obtain information on the most frequently used pesticides. Subsequently, 51 samples taken at 7 different sites were analyzed using liquid chromatography and mass-mass spectrometry. The most frequently used pesticides were organophosphates (28.87%), pyrethroids (12.89%), and the herbicide paraquat (31.95%). In surface water, the prevalent pesticides were glyphosate (56.96–510.46 ppb) and malathion (311.76–863.49 ppb). Glyphosate levels were higher than the limits acceptable in daily water intake in Cumuato. Malathion levels exceeded the limits permissible by EPA in water purification plants in urban public establishments (100 ppb for children, and 200 ppb for adults). In addition, a multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the sampled sites could be grouped into 2 different bodies of water, based on similarities in their glyphosate concentrations (stress = 0.005), while the concentrations of malathion were heterogeneous (stress = 0.001).

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Section: Concentrations Of Malathionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Pesticide Contamination in Drinking and Surface Water in the Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico

Silva-Madera

Salazar-Flores

Peregrina-Lucano

et al. 2021

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…It may also be a selection pressure that may be favoring the spread of only the two haplotypes detected. In Ecuador, the mosquito has been subjected to selection pressure by intensive and extensive adult (malathion and deltamethrin) and immature (temephos) insecticide use (Morales et al 2019), that may cause bottleneck selection and consequently low genetic variability. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Brazilian Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation ofAedes aegyptipopulations from Ecuador

Cevallos¹,

Benítez²,

Coloma³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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33This is the first genetic analysis in Ecuador of Aedes aegypti using fragments of mitochondrial 34 genes, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A total 35 of 154 mosquitoes from 23 localities were collected in the Pacific coastal lowlands, Amazon 36 basin lowlands, and the Galápagos Islands from 2012 to 2019. The analysis of fragments of the 37 genes COI (672 bp) and ND4 (262 bp) and concatenated analysis of both COI and ND4 showed 38 two haplotypes (H1, H2) present in Ecuador mainland and the Galápagos Islands. The 39 phylogenetic analysis identified two well-supported clades. Combined analysis of both genes 40 from ten localities also resulted in two haplotypes. Nucleotide diversity, neutrality tests 41 (Tajima´s test D, Fu and Li´s F*and D*) and AMOVA analysis of the entire data set suggest 42 balancing selection for both genes. The results indicate genetic variation without geographical 43 restriction. COI-H1 grouped with sequences from the Americas, West and Central Africa, East 44 Africa, Asia, and Australia. ND4-H1 grouped with similar sequences from the Americas, Asia 45 and West Africa. COI-H2 grouped with sequences from Asia and the Americas. ND4-H2 46 grouped with sequences from the Americas. We report overlapping peaks in four sequences that 47 suggest heteroplasmy in the individuals. The origin of the populations of Aedes aegypti in 48Ecuador show African genetic origin and are widely present in several countries in the Americas. 49

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“…These vector control efforts were self-reported by the household member for previous weeks up to a month. Adult mosquito fumigation refers to the spraying of deltamethrin, an insecticide that is applied inside the house every four months [10]. The Ministry of Health decided upon which houses to fumigate based on historical locations of high numbers of dengue cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ministry of Health decided upon which houses to fumigate based on historical locations of high numbers of dengue cases. Abate, the commercial name for temephos, is an organophosphate larvicide which is applied following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 20g of granular product per 189 liters [10]. This product is applied to water containers 3 to 4 times a year [10], and is commonly used as a dengue vector control method [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household-Level Risk Factors forAedes aegyptiPupal Density in Guayaquil, Ecuador

León²,

Lalangui

et al. 2020

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BackgroundVector-borne diseases are a major cause of disease burden in Guayaquil, Ecuador, especially arboviruses spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Understanding which household characteristics and risk factors lead to higher Ae. aegypti densities and consequent disease risk can help inform and optimize vector control programs.MethodsCross-sectional entomological surveys were conducted in Guayaquil between 2013 and 2016, covering household demographics, municipal services, potential breeding containers, presence of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and history of using mosquito control methods. A zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was fitted to data for estimating the household pupal index. An additional model assessed the factors of the most productive breeding sites across all of the households.ResultsOf surveyed households, 610 satisfied inclusion criteria. The final household-level model found that collection of large solid items (e.g., furniture and tires) and rainfall the week of and 2 weeks before collection were negatively correlated with average pupae per container, while bed canopy use, unemployment, container water volume, and the interaction between large solid collection and rainfall 2 weeks before the sampling event were positively correlated. Selection of these variables across other top candidate models with ΔAICc < 1 was robust, with the strongest effects from large solid collection and bed canopy use. The final container-level model explaining the characteristics of breeding sites found that contaminated water is positively correlated with Ae. aegypti pupae counts while breeding sites composed of car parts, furniture, sewerage parts, vases, ceramic material, glass material, metal material, and plastic material were all negatively correlated.ConclusionHaving access to municipal services like bulky item pickup was effective at reducing mosquito proliferation in households. Association of bed canopy use with higher mosquito densities is unexpected, and may be a consequence of large local mosquito populations or due to limited use or effectiveness of other vector control methods. The impact of rainfall on mosquito density is multifaceted, as it may both create new habitat and “wash out” existing habitat. Providing services and social/technical interventions focused on monitoring and eliminating productive breeding sites is important for reducing aquatic-stage mosquito densities in households at risk for Ae. aegypti-transmitted diseases.

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Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti to Deltamethrin, Malathion, and Temephos in Ecuador

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Pesticide Contamination in Drinking and Surface Water in the Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico

Pesticide Contamination in Drinking and Surface Water in the Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico

Genetic variation ofAedes aegyptipopulations from Ecuador

Household-Level Risk Factors forAedes aegyptiPupal Density in Guayaquil, Ecuador

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