Resistance Sintering Under Pressure

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…[226,242] Graphite, which is used in most cases in literature (typical specific electric resistivity 15 mV m, compressive strength 100-150 MPa) can be reinforced with carbon fibers to increase its mechanical strength. [43] For sintering temperatures below 1000°C, steel and refractory metals such as TZM molybdenum alloys, copper-beryllium, alumina, [243] silica, [244] and even concrete [245] were used. Anselmi-Tamburini et al [141] used binder-free tungsten carbide parts with silicon carbide inserts.…”

Challenges and Opportunities for Spark Plasma Sintering: A Key Technology for a New Generation of Materials

“…Inoue argued that a pulsed current was effective for densification at the initial sintering stages for low melting point metals (e.g., bismuth, cadmium, lead, tin) and at the later sintering stage for high melting metals (e.g., chromium, molybdenum, tungsten). In the United States, Lenel al-so used a spot welding machine for the sintering of metals [Lenel, 1955]. In addition to continuous pulses, some researchers also investigated a single discharge method, i.e., the powders were densified by a single discharge generated from a capacitor bank.…”

A porous materials production with an electric discharge sintering

“…In 1944 for the first time the use of alternating current of industrial frequency with a mechanical pressure sintering powders of copper, brass, bronze and aluminum was proposed [2]. In 1955 for the first time the use of equipment for spot welding capacitor powders by sintering under external pressure was described [3]. A wide range of the electrical parameters of the impact on the powder causes a large number of these methods collectively called «an electric current sintering» [4].…”