Resistance of Seven Cabbage Cultivars to Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of many crops in the world and a vector of more than 100 plant viruses. It is a major pest of Brassica vegetables such as Chinese cabbage in northern China. Chemical control is extensively used to manage this aphid around the world; however, development of insecticide resistance has been a major obstacle facing growers. Host plant resistance in Chinese cabbage against M. persicae has not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the resistance categories in seven Chinese cabbage cultivars against M. persicae. The resistance categories of these cultivars included antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance related to leaf color and wax content. The cultivar 'Yuanbao' had antibiotic and tolerance effects on the aphid. The rate of intrinsic increase (rm) of M. persicae was lower on Yuanbao compared with the other six cultivars. Yuanbao also had the highest antibiosis against the aphid. The aphid preferred 'Qingan 80', which had the highest wavelength (green) in leaf color. The highest wax content was found in Yuanbao, which had a significantly negative correlation with the preference of M. persicae. The cabbage cultivar Yuanbao was resistant to M. persicae and could be used in the development of integrated pest management (IPM) programs against the aphid in the field.

Host Selection Behavior of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae, in Response to Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Contents of Cabbage Cultivars

“…Seeds of seven commercially available cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) cultivars used in our previous experiments (Ahmed et al, 2018); Jinlv and Lvlong (Xian Gong Si Seed Company Limited, Shaanxi, Liaoning, China), Lvqiu 66 (Nongcheng Seed Company Limited, Xian, Shaanxi, China), Qibao (Shaanxi Jinxing Seed Company Limited, Xian, Shaanxi, China), Qingan 70 (Kyoto Tolly Seed Company Limited, Kyoto, Japan), Qingan 80 (Yangling Nongcheng Seed Company Limited, Yangling, Shaanxi, China) and Yuanbao (Xiang Ganghuang Seed Company Limited, Hong Kong, China) were purchased from a local vegetable seeds market (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), and grown in the same environmental conditions (25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod) in 250-ml plastic pots containing a potting media (peat moss: perlite = 4:1) for 5 weeks. All plants were fertilized from a commercial fertilizer, “Kang Pu Jin” 20-20-20 of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O + Mg + TE (COMPO Expert GmbH, Krefeld, Germany), and watered as per necessary.…”

“…Allelochemicals can influence selection of hosts by pest population (Slosser et al, 2004; Chau et al, 2005; Germano et al, 2011). On the basis of our previous study (Ahmed et al, 2018), in this study, we hypothesized that nitrogen content of cabbage cultivars affect the abundance of wingless M. persicae , and that this potential modification is related to changes in volatile compound of the plants. We tested our hypothesis by determination of nitrogen content in cabbage cultivars and observed host preferences of the wingless M. persicae through olfactory responses, and determined the plant volatiles emitted from cabbage cultivars.…”

“…In integrated pest management (IPM), the use of common pesticides can be minimized by practically applying semiochemicals (Shrivastava et al, 2010), trap crops or repellent cultivars (Birkett et al, 2004). The defensive and nutritional chemistry of the plant leaf is one of the factors that influences host choice and fitness of herbivore insects (Ahmed et al, 2018). Allelochemicals can influence selection of hosts by pest population (Slosser et al, 2004; Chau et al, 2005; Germano et al, 2011).…”

Studies on Inducer Mediated Resistance Responses against Biological Fitness of Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Brassica napus

“…The insect culture was maintained on B. napus hosts, for more than 15 generations, at abovementioned conditions to homogenize the population (Nouri-Ganbalani et al 2018). The experiments proceeded on plants with 5-7 expanded leaves (Ahmed et al 2018).…”

“…After that, only one immature/nymph (N1) was allowed to stand per clip cage, and rests were removed. Later on, primary biological fitness responses were followed in sequence of developmental period of nymphs (N1) laid by FM1, reproduction time, next progeny production (N2), the immature becoming adults out of N2 progeny and percent survival of N2 generation with percent nymph mortality (Ahmed et al 2018).…”