Resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in 2006 to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Indonesia and its Association with Oxidase and Esterase Levels

Background Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the main epidemic vectors of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses worldwide. Their control during epidemics relies mainly on control of larvae and adults with insecticides. Unfortunately, loss of susceptibility of both species to several insecticide classes limits the efficacy of interventions. In Africa, where Aedes-borne viruses are of growing concern, few data are available on resistance to insecticides. To fill this gap, we assessed the susceptibility to insecticides of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations in the Central African Republic (CAR) and studied the mechanisms of resistance.MethodsImmature stages were sampled between June and September 2014 in six locations in Bangui (the capital of CAR) for larval and adult bioassays according to WHO standard procedures. We also characterized DDT- and pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes molecularly and biochemically, including tests for the activities of nonspecific esterases (α and β), mixed-function oxidases, insensitive acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferases.ResultsLarval bioassays, carried out to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) and resistance ratios (RR50 and RR95), suggested that both vector species were susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis and to temephos. Bioassays of adults showed susceptibility to propoxur and fenitrothion, except for one Ae. albopictus population that was suspected to be resistant to fenithrothion. None of the Ae. aegypti populations was fully susceptible to DDT. Ae. albopictus presented a similar profile to Ae. aegypti but with a lower mortality rate (41%). Possible resistance to deltamethrin was observed among Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, although some were susceptible. No kdr mutations were detected in either species; however, the activity of detoxifying enzymes was higher in most populations than in the susceptible Ae. aegypti strain, confirming decreased susceptibility to DDT and deltamethrin.ConclusionThese findings suggested that regular, continuous monitoring of resistance is necessary in order to select the most effective adulticides for arbovirus control in Bangui.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1887-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Similar observations have been made for resistance of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin in Indonesia [65], Thailand [61] and Nigeria [58]. As Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus resistant to DDT and deltamethrin in the Central African Republic

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While there are studies from parts of Indonesia indicating pyrethroid resistance in Ae . aegypti [10], Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the missing links in the region, where vector distribution and insecticide resistance status are almost completely unknown. While information about the vectors is very scarce [5], it is known that arboviruses represent a significant health burden in PNG; dengue viruses 1–4 circulate in the country and chikungunya outbreaks have been documented [11–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are important vectors of infectious diseases, especially those caused by arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Aedes aegypti is very well adapted to urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus inhabits more rural settings. Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in these vectors, but limited data exist from the Southwest Pacific Region, especially from Melanesia. While Aedes vector ecology is well documented in Australia, where incursion of Ae. albopictus and pyrethroid resistance have so far been prevented, almost nothing is known about Aedes populations in neighbouring Papua New Guinea (PNG). With pyrethroid resistance documented in parts of Indonesia but not in Australia, it is important to determine the distribution of susceptible and resistant Aedes populations in this region. Methods The present study was aimed at assessing Aedes populations for insecticide resistance in Madang and Port Moresby, located on the north and south coasts of PNG, respectively. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps and reared in an insectary. Standard WHO bioassays using insecticide-treated filter papers were conducted on a total of 253 Ae. aegypti and 768 Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes. Subsets of samples from both species (55 Ae. aegypti and 48 Ae. albopictus ) were screened for knockdown resistance mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel ( Vssc ) gene, the target site of pyrethroid insecticides. Results High levels of resistance against pyrethroids were identified in Ae . aegypti from Madang and Port Moresby. Aedes albopictus exhibited susceptibility to pyrethroids, but moderate levels of resistance to DDT. Mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected in all Ae . aegypti samples screened. Some genotypes found in the present study had been observed previously in Indonesia. No Vssc mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in the Ae. albopictus samples. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of pyrethroid resistance in Ae . aegypti mosquitoes in PNG. Interestingly, usage of insecticides in PNG is low, apart from long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed for malaria control. Further investigations on how these resistant Ae . aegypti mosquito populations arose in P...

show abstract

“…aegypti dari daerah Semarang telah resisten 296 kali terhadap permetrin. Selanjutnya Ahmad et al (2007) melaporkan bahwa Ae. aegypti strain Bandung dan Palembang telah resisten terhadap permetrin, masing masing sebesar 79,3 kali dan 23,7 kali.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Status dan perkembangan resistensi Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) strain Bandung, Bogor, Makassar, Palu, dan VCRU terhadap insektisida permetrin dengan seleksi lima generasi

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in 2006 to Pyrethroid Insecticides in Indonesia and its Association with Oxidase and Esterase Levels

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus resistant to DDT and deltamethrin in the Central African Republic

Susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus resistant to DDT and deltamethrin in the Central African Republic

Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

Status dan perkembangan resistensi Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) strain Bandung, Bogor, Makassar, Palu, dan VCRU terhadap insektisida permetrin dengan seleksi lima generasi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About