Resistance of Advanced Soybean Lines to Pod Borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke)

Abstract

The increasing and stabilizing of soybean product in Indonesia face many limitations. One of the limiting factors is pod borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) infestation that is able to cause yield loss up to 80%. Objective of the research was to find out some advanced soybean lines that resistant to pod borrer. Design was randomized complete block with three replications. Soybean lines were grown gradualy to ensure the simultanously flowering. The plants were caged at 35 days after planting (DAT) and infested with the imago of E. zinckenella at 56 DAT. Results showed that different soybean lines affected imago population, eggs population, larvae population, infected pods and infected seeds. Some genotypes were consistantly resistant to E. zinckenella. The resistance of those genotypes were non preference resistance based on eggs population, larvae population, infected pod and infected seeds. This study discovered nine soybean lines that is resistant to E. zinckenella, so that it can be beneficial for improving soybean resistance to this pest through releasing as a new resistant pod borer variety after tested further in potential yield and genetic x environment interaction trials. In addition, there were three varieties and two germplasm accessions that can be used as gene sources for improving the resistance of the varieties. The three varieties are able to be cultivated directly in field to decrease the E. zinckenella occurrence. Soybean variety "Wilis" was grown sequentially in ILETRI's greenhouse with one week interval for seven times planting date in the area of 7 m x 5 m every planting date. Plants were fertilized using Urea 0.4 g/hill and NPK 1.2 g/hill. Bean fly pests were controlled with insecticides of cypermethrin on 8 DAP, and leaf pests were controlled with insecticides of cyhalothrin at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. After the plant was 28 DAP, controls were carried out manually. How to CitePod borer insects were obtain from collecting of instar 5 larva in Ngale Research Station, Ngawi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The collected larva were taken to ILETRI's pest laboratory. Larva were reared in the plastic container, where in the container was filled with sawdust. Larvae were reared until transforming to be pupae and then the pupae moved to copulation cage. At the top of the inside cage, there were hanging cotton layer filled with 10% honey solution for feeding the imago that out from the pupa. At three days after the imago appeared, imago was identified for the sex, and the damages of foot and antene by using binocullar microscop. At four days age, the selected imagos were ready to be applied in treatment plants.Planting was conducted in RCBD with three replications, where every replication consisted of 6 polybags/genotype with four seeds/ polybag. Planting was conducted based on flowering age of each genotype in order pod setting start simultaneously. Fertilizers were applied by using Urea 0.4 g and NPK 1.2 g per polybag at sowing date. Watering were carried out by monit...

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