Resistance management: the stable zone strategy

Lenormand, Thomas; Raymond, Michel

doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0529

Cited by 140 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the above results call for monitoring programmes aimed at assessing periodically the level of susceptibility of individual populations to these compounds, as well as implementing insecticide rotation, integrated control and/or other strategies (e.g. Lenormand & Raymond 1998) to maintain the efficacy of the compounds themselves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving insect pest management through population genetic data: a case study of the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas)

Porretta¹,

Canestrelli²,

Bellini³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.Rationalizing the use of chemicals in pest control programmes is a fundamental goal that is aided by the knowledge of patterns of population connectivity and historical demography. 2. In this study, we used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of the northern Italian populations of Ochlerotatus caspius , a mosquito of great public health and economic impact in Mediterranean countries. 3. A substantial genetic homogeneity was found among populations, with no association of pairwise population differentiation with the geographic distribution or the environmental heterogeneity of the breeding sites. 4. On a regional scale, we hypothesize a historical demographic expansion, probably associated with late Pleistocene palaeoclimatic events. Furthermore, our results suggest that ever since the expansion event, an extensive gene flow is still the major evolutionary force shaping the overall genetic pattern observed. 5. At a local geographic scale, evidence of recent growth in the size of the population was found in several sites. The increased availability of large breeding sites offered recently by rice paddies seem to have played a major role in giving rise to the observed demographic expansions. Indeed, these sites have become more numerous and undergone changes in the management technique (increased number of dry/flood cycles), which enhanced their suitability as breeding habitats. 6. Synthesis and applications . The migration pattern among populations of Oc. caspius in northern Italy appears to be high enough to maintain an extensive genetic homogeneity. Control programmes on a small geographic scale are thus unlikely to be effective. The modern agronomic techniques and the growth of rice paddies seem to have played a role in the recent demographic history of the species in the Po plain. Therefore, satisfactory control programmes should: (i) be focused mainly on rice paddies as breeding habitats; (ii) favour agronomical techniques involving a reduced number of dry/flood cycles; (iii) be carried out on a wide (regional) geographic scale; and (iv) monitor periodically the susceptibility of populations to the compounds used in control campaigns and adopt strategies aimed to avoid the possible spread of resistance alleles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving insect pest management through population genetic data: a case study of the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas)

Porretta¹,

Canestrelli²,

Bellini³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Reversion to susceptibility may be closely linked to the strength of resistance costs and to the rate of immigration of susceptible individuals into the treated area (Tabashnik and Croft, 1982;Carrière and Tabashnik, 2001). Lenormand and Raymond (1998) described a management model leading to the confinement of the resistance genes, by the use of fluctuating intensities of both gene flow and selection (for and against resistance). In south-eastern France apple orchards, the mean frequency of resistance was close to 75% according to recent field collections (Sauphanor et al, 2000).…”

Section: Pleiotropic Costs and Resistance Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on adaptive mutations in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.): measuring fitness trade-offs and natural selection

et al. 2003

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Adaptive changes in populations encountering a new environment are often constrained by deleterious pleiotropic interactions with ancestral physiological functions. Evolutionary responses of populations can thus be limited by natural selection under fluctuating environmental conditions, if the adaptive mutations are associated with pleiotropic fitness costs. In this context, we have followed the evolution of the frequencies of insecticide-resistant mutants of Cydia pomonella when reintroduced into an untreated environment. The novel set of selective forces after removal of insecticide pressure led to the decline of the frequencies of resistant phenotypes over time, suggesting that the insecticideadapted genetic variants were selected against the absence of insecticide (with a selective coefficient estimated at 0.11). The selective coefficients were also estimated for both the major cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (MFO) and the minor glutathione S-transferase (GST) systems (0.17 and negligible, respectively), which have been previously shown to be involved in resistance. The involvement of metabolic systems acting both through xenobiotic detoxification and biosynthetic pathways of endogenous compounds may be central to explaining the deleterious physiological consequences resulting from pleiotropy of adaptive changes. The estimation of the magnitude of the fitness cost associated with insecticide resistance in C. pomonella suggests that resistance management strategies exclusively based on insecticide alternations would be unlikely to delay such a selection process.

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“…Indeed, if resistance entails a fitness cost, the spread of a recessive allele could be prevented by an appropriate resistance management strategy (Lenormand and Raymond, 1998;Carrière and Tabashnik, 2001;Carrière et al, 2004;Bates et al, 2005). Although fitness costs associated with Bt resistance were not always detected (eg Gould and Anderson, 1991;Tang et al 1997), they have been reported in many pests (Groeters et al, 1994;Trisyono and Whalon, 1997;Alyokhin and Ferro, 1999;Oppert et al, 2000;Carrière et al, 2001a, b;Akhurst et al, 2003;Janmaat and Myers, 2003;Higginson et al, 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and fitness cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Al¹,

Bourguet

et al. 2006

Heredity

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The 'high dose-refuge' (HDR) strategy is commonly recommended and currently used for delaying or preventing pest adaptation to transgenic plants producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. The efficiency of this strategy depends, among other factors, on the initial frequency of Bt resistance alleles and on the fitness costs associated with these alleles. Two years ago, an allele conferring resistance to Bt poplar was detected in a French population of the poplar pest Chrysomela tremulae F. Although this pest had never been subjected to Bt selection pressure due to human activities, the frequency of this allele was estimated at 0.0037, with a 95% credible (CI) interval of 0.00045-0.0080. We investigated the frequency of this allele in a second sample of C. tremulae collected more than 500 km from the site of the initial population. The estimated frequency in this sample was 0.0113 (95% CI 0.0031-0.0247), reinforcing the conclusion that resistance to Bt plants may be present at detectable frequencies in pest populations before selection resulting from pest management by humans. The frequency of the Bt resistance allele over the two samples was 0.0049 (95% CI 0.0020-0.0091). We also followed five laboratory lines in which the frequency of this allele was initially fixed at 0.500. After five generations maintained on non-Bt poplar leaves, the frequency of this allele decreased in all lines, whereas allelic frequencies at a neutral locus were unaffected. Thus, the Bt resistance allele detected in French populations of C. tremulae is probably associated with a fitness cost.

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Resistance management: the stable zone strategy

Cited by 140 publications

References 33 publications

Improving insect pest management through population genetic data: a case study of the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas)

Improving insect pest management through population genetic data: a case study of the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas)

Constraints on adaptive mutations in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.): measuring fitness trade-offs and natural selection

Frequency and fitness cost of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Chrysomela tremulae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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