Resistance in Lycopersicon and Solanum Species to the Potato Aphid1

Gentile, A. G.; Stoner, Allan W.

doi:10.1093/jee/61.5.1152

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the environment does not suffer from any side-effects (van Emden, 1974). In the last two decades a real effort has been made to breed tomato varieties resistant to spider mites (Marmelstein, 1983); aphids (Clayberg and Kring, 1974;Gentile and Stoner, 1968a); whiteflies (Clayberg and Kring, 1974;de Ponti et ai., 1975;Georgiev and Sotirova, 1978;Berlinger and de Ponti, 1981;Berlinger, Dahan and-Shevach-Urkin, 1983; beetles (Gentile and Stoner, 1968b;Schalk and Stoner, 1976); moths (Juvik et ai., 1982;Schuster, 1977;Porath-Ben David, 1983); leafminer flies (Webb, Stoner and Gentile, 1971) and to virus transmission by Bemisia tabaci (Dahan, 1985). Although for many years ample evidence has existed of genetic variation in host-plant suitability for insects and mites, only since the drawbacks of complete dependence on chemical control have been experienced has breeding for pest resistance received interest (de Ponti, 1980).…”

Section: Control Concepts and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tomato Crop

Atherton¹,

Rudich²

1986

117

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Section: Control Concepts and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tomato Crop

Atherton¹,

Rudich²

1986

117

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“…Among the broad classes of tomato leaf compounds known to deter insect herbivores are acyl sugars, methyl ketones, terpenes, and alkaloids. Acyl sugars exuded by type IV trichomes of S. pennellii confer resistance to numerous insect pests of tomato, including aphids ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae ), whitefly ( Bemisia argentifolii ), leaf miners ( Liriomyza trifolii ), tomato fruitworm ( Helicoverpa zea ), and beet armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua ) (Gentile and Stoner, 1968; Goffreda et al , 1990; Rodriguez et al , 1993; Juvik et al , 1994; Blauth et al , 1998; Hartman and St Clair, 1999). Type VI trichomes on certain accessions of S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion of trichome morphology by the hairless mutation of tomato affects leaf surface chemistry

Kang

Shi

Jones

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Botany

134

158

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Trichomes are specialized epidermal structures that function as physical and chemical deterrents against arthropod herbivores. Aerial tissues of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are populated by several morphologically distinct trichome types, the most abundant of which is the type VI glandular trichome that produces various specialized metabolites. Here, the effect of the hairless (hl) mutation on trichome density and morphology, chemical composition, and resistance to a natural insect herbivore of tomato was investigated. The results show that the major effect of hl on pubescence results from structural distortion (bending and swelling) of all trichome types in aerial tissues. Leaf surface extracts and isolated type VI glands from hl plants contained wild-type levels of monoterpenes, glycoalkaloids, and acyl sugars, but were deficient in sesquiterpene and polyphenolic compounds implicated in anti-insect defence. No-choice bioassays showed that hl plants are compromised in resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta. These results establish a link between the morphology and chemical composition of glandular trichomes in cultivated tomato, and show that hl-mediated changes in these leaf surface traits correlate with decreased resistance to insect herbivory.

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“…Plants homozygqus for each of the REX-1 alleles differed dramatically in number of aphids per leaflet (Fig. 1) (4,5,17). In contrast, the Mi-linked resistance that we describe is simply inherited, and we do not observe any obvious difference in trichomes between resistant and susceptible near-isogenic pairs (data not shown).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An aphid-resistance locus is tightly linked to the nematode-resistance gene, Mi, in tomato.

Kaloshian

Lange

Williamson

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tomato lines from diverse breeding programs were evaluated in the field for resistance to a natural infestation of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, in Davis, CA. It was noted that all lines that carried the nematode-resistance gene, Mi, displayed aphid resistance. A greenhouse assay for aphid resistance was developed to investigate this relationship. Association of nematode and aphid resistances in near-isogenic lines suggested that these traits are tightly linked. Analysis of an F2 population segregating for nematode resistance indicated that aphid resistance segregated as a single major locus genetically linked to Mi. The name Meul is proposed for this locus. It is likely that Meul was introduced into tomato along with Mi from the wild species Lycopersicon peruvianum. The presence of aphid resistance in the line Motelle, which contains a very small region of introgressed DNA, and the lack of recombinants suggest that Meul is tightly linked to Mi or possibly is the same gene. The map-based strategy currently being used to clone Mi should be applicable to cloning Meul. The potato aphid, Macrosiphum eluphorbiae (Thomas), is capable of infesting many plant species. This pest can build up to large numbers on tomato and cause severe damage to some varieties (1-3). Damage includes yield losses caused by stunted growth; shoot dieback; malformation of the leaves; and terminal growth, chlorosis, and necrosis of leaves. Aphids are also efficient virus vectors for many plant viruses. M. euphorbiae is becoming a significant problem in the Sacramento valley area of California, and pesticides are currently being used to control the insect. Because of environmental concern over the use of pesticides in agriculture, alternate means of pest control are being sought. Host-plant resistance is a method of choice for plant-pest suppression. Resistance to potato aphid has been reported in Lycopersicon pennellii Corr (D'Arcy), a wild relative of cultivated tomato Lycopersicon escitlentucm Mill (4).Incorporation of the resistance into tomato has not yet been successful because of the complex inheritance of resistance (5). The resistance is attributed to the sugar esters present in the glandular exudates of type IV trichomes (6).Field observation of a diverse group of tomato lines for resistance to natural infestations of insects revealed a correlation between potato aphid resistance and nematode resistance. It was noted that tomato lines carrying the nematoderesistance gene, Mi, had relatively low numbers of aphids. Mi is a single dominant gene conferring resistance to three species of root-knot nematodes (7,8). The gene was introduced to cultivated tomato from its wild relative Lycopersicon pernvianuim (9). Isozyme and DNA markers tightly linked to Mi have been identified, and a detailed genetic map of the Mi region has been obtained (10-12). A PCR-based marker, REX-1, tightly linked to Mi, has been developed to easily follow segregation of Mi. No recombinants between REX-1 and Mi have been reported (13). In this...

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Resistance in Lycopersicon and Solanum Species to the Potato Aphid1

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

The Tomato Crop

The Tomato Crop

Distortion of trichome morphology by the hairless mutation of tomato affects leaf surface chemistry

An aphid-resistance locus is tightly linked to the nematode-resistance gene, Mi, in tomato.

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