Resistance in <I>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</I> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to New Chemistry Insecticides

Abstract

The control of rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), depended mainly on the insecticide application in China for a long time, and the resistance development impacted the effects of insecticide application. In this study, 13 conventional and new chemistry insecticides were assayed for the toxicities to the larvae of rice leaffolder collected from Nanning, Changsha, and Nanjing, China, with rice seedling dip method during 2011-2013. Among the tested chemicals, macrolide insecticides spinetoram, spinosad, abamectin, and emanectin benzoate have the highest toxicities, whereas monosultap and Bt have the least toxicities to this insect. Comparing with the baseline data established in 2010, the susceptibilities of rice leaffolder to chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone, and tebufenozide are declining simultaneously and gradually in the three regions from 2011 to 2013, and C. medinalis are becoming resistance to chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone, and tebufenozide. The synchronous decreases of susceptibility in three geographic populations were not observed for macrolide insecticides, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, monosultap, and Bt. The synchronous insecticide susceptibility declines in field populations of the migratory insect collected from different areas indicated resistance evolution, and the sequence application patterns of different insecticides should be scheduled to delay the further development of resistance along the migratory pathway of the rice leaffolder in China.

GLUTATHIONE S‐TRANSFERASE Genes IN THE RICE LEAFFOLDER, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION PROFILES

“…suppressalis , and planthoppers. Although resistance to this chemical has not been observed in C. medinalis to date (Zheng et al., ; Zhang et al., ), it has been reported in several other insect species, such as Ch. suppressalis (Su et al., ) and Sogatella furcifera (Su et al., ).…”

“…During the past decades, chemical‐based control strategies have been the major means for protecting rice from damage by C. medinalis . However, the over‐use of insecticides has led to reduced susceptibility in C. medinalis to several insecticides (Zheng et al., ; Zhang et al., ). GSTs play critical roles in chemical metabolism and insecticide resistance, but little information is available on the individual C. medinalis GST genes.…”

Identification of Four ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Genes in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Their Expression in Response to Insecticide Treatment

“…Therefore, the fourth-instar larval midgut was selected as the target tissue for insecticide exposure. In previous studies, the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos has been effectively used for the control of a wide range of pests, including Chilo suppressalis , planthoppers and C. medinalis (Zheng et al 2011, Zhang et al 2014). The expression of the four genes was compared between chlorpyrifos-treated and untreated control insects.…”

Identification and expression profiles of putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…; Zhang et al . ), as well as other insect and mite pests. Pharmacological experiments indicated that glutamate‐gated chloride channels are the primary targets of the chemical (Bloomquist ).…”

“…; Zhang et al . ). P450s play essential roles in the metabolism of insecticides and development of insecticide resistance; however, to date, only a limited number of P450 genes have been identified in C. medinalis (GenBank data) and two of them were characterized as candidates involved in the metabolism of rice allelochemicals ( CYP6AE28 and CYP6AE30 ) (Liu et al .…”