Resistance exercise training improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract

Resistance exercise exerts beneficial effects on glycemic control, which could be mediated by exercise-induced humoral factors released in the bloodstream. Here, we used C57Bl/6 healthy mice, submitted to resistance exercise training for 10 weeks. Trained mice presented higher muscle weight and maximum voluntary carrying capacity, combined with reduced body weight gain and fat deposition. Resistance training improved glucose tolerance and reduced glycemia, with no alterations in insulin sensitivity. In addition, trained mice displayed higher insulinemia in fed state, associated with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Islets from trained mice showed reduced expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, associated with increased expression of Ins2. INS-1E beta-cells incubated with serum from trained mice displayed similar pattern of insulin secretion and gene expression than isolated islets from trained mice. When exposed to CPA (an ER stress inducer), the serum from trained mice partially preserved the secretory function of INS-1E cells, and prevented CPA-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that resistance training, in healthy mice, improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, which could be driven, at least in part, by humoral factors.

Resistance Exercise Training Improves Metabolic and Inflammatory Control in Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…Because LC improved insulin sensitivity in HF-fed animals, we investigated key signaling proteins involved in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Indeed, HF mice exposed to LC had increased AKT phosphorylation skeletal muscle, which is consistent with an improvement in insulin sensitivity and can also be related to an increased LC-stimulated insulinemia state [ 53 ]. We expected that GSK-3β (Ser473), a downstream AKT target, would have its phosphorylation rate affected by LC; however, this was not the case.…”

“…LC also has the effect of reducing glucose levels by increasing the capacity of pancreatic beta-cells to secrete insulin in healthy (non-obese) animal models [ 53 ]. Although improved glycemic control is related to changes in serum insulin levels, glucose uptake is also directly related to the ability of peripheral tissues to dispose of glucose in response to insulin.…”

Impacts of an Exercise Intervention on the Health of Pancreatic Beta-Cells: A Review

“…However, is the beneficial effect due to direct roles on beta-cells or intermediate factors between beta-cells and exercise? To elucidate this question, Bronczek et al in 2021 conducted a 10-week resistance exercise training program on healthy male mice and confirmed that exercise not only improved glucose homeostasis due to the beneficial effect on beta-cell insulin secretion function but also stimulated the secretion of serum to defend against pro-inflammation or cytokines and chemical-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress [ 11 ].…”

Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training Improved Muscle Mass, Force, and Exercise Performance in Mice

“…Regular resistance training (RT) can also improve exercise performance and health ( 2 ). Appropriate RT prescriptions and strategies can effectively prevent and improve cardiovascular disease ( 3 ), diabetes ( 4 ), and arthritis ( 5 ), and can improve and delay the risk of sarcopenia and frailty-related diseases in the elderly ( 6 ). For athletes, improving muscle strength and mass through RT can help to develop increased explosive power and power output, and can improve muscle endurance to maintain exercise performance during competition ( 7 ).…”