Resinography of Some Consolidated Separate Resins

Rochow, Theodore George; Rowe, F. G.

doi:10.1021/ac60028a007

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Rochow and coworkers (327,328) have continued to apply this technique to plastics and especially to the study of fillers. Zappfe et al (405,406) and Zednik and Kaderavek (407) have extended the applications of fractography in the study of metal fractures.…”

Section: Resinography and Fractographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Microscopy

McCrone¹

1954

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Resinography and Fractographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Microscopy

McCrone¹

1954

Anal. Chem.

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“…There is, however, evidence from electron microscope observations that some thermosetting resins form globular structures in the size range of 10 to 90/lm [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and microstructure within such globules has been detected in one case [10]. Also, structures in the size range 20 to 90/lm have been observed in some epoxy resins [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fracture toughness and fracture morphology of polyester resins

Christiansen

Shortall

1976

J Mater Sci

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The change in fracture toughness of an orthophthalate based medium reactivity polyester resin with change in resin flexibility, catalyst content, cure temperature and liquid environment, has been investigated. Various specimen geometries including simple double cantilever beam and tapered double cantilever beam have been used and the results obtained with the different geometries are in good agreerrient. The critical flaw size for the resin has been determined and an estimate obtained of the radius of the plastic zone under plane strain conditions. The solvent absorption characteristics of the resin were found to be effected by catalyst content, resin flexibility and by residual strains. Observations of the fracture behaviour, using both fracture toughness and tensile specimens have revealed a fracture surface morphology very similar to that of glass but with limited plastic deformation occurring.

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“…The present author has already shown that polyacrylonitrile as a film cast from solutionS manifests in the electron beam domains which are in the realm of discrete macromolecules.2.6s6 However, in emulsionpolymerized or molded samples the units are depicted as though interlocked macromolecules. 1,5 Moreover, as a result of fiber-making processes, in fibrous samples both levels of macromolecular organization are d e p i~t e d .~,~ With poly(methy1 methacrylate) moldings, however, the domains pictured in 1949,l either in polished or fractured surface, were too large (200-800 A. in diameter) to be those of single molecules, since a commercial polymer of this kind has an average molecular weight by classical means of about 100,OOO. Whiie Newman'* has increasing hesitation in accepting the topography of the fracture surface as a reflection of the structure of the matrix, Botty shows cause for increasing confidence in displaying, for example, minute latex particles of rubber in the cold-brittle fracture surface of a polyphase (polyblend) system based on poly(methy1 metha~rylate).…”

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Microscopic domains in some synthetic polymers

Rochow¹

1965

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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It wm found that all pieces of poly(methy1 methacrylate) have structure and aniaotropy, no matter how they were made. There ia no continuum, only differences of opinion about what the discontinuities represent. Judging from these and other results and pending the reaulta of further experiments, the author ia of the opinion that he hae uncovered both macromolecular and micellar domains in poly(methy1 methacrylate).Regardless of wishes or expectations, a consolidated polymer is not always a homogeneous continuum. Stading in 1949,' if not before, it has been shown electron microscopically that a polymer may manifest various discrete domains according to kind, treatment, and properties. Coldfractured, compression-molded polyacrylonitrile, for example, had been depicted in replica as domains roughly globular in shape, varying in average diameter from about 200 to sdme 840 A. The domains were related to those shown in the dried emulsion from which the consolidated specimen was molded. In a self-supporting film cast from a solution of such a polymer, however, much smaller units dominated the picture.2.a The small units were calculated on the basis of the bulk density to be of the order of 100,OOO in average molecular weight. This value was commensurate with that obtained by light scattering.Since variations in electron microscopical technique were involved, it is repeated here that the fracture surfaces were replicated with gelatin which in turn was replicated with silica, but there was no shadowing with a heavy metal. On the other hand, the specimens of dried emulsion and cast f i l m were shadowed with a heavy metal, but no replicas were involved.Evidently, particulations of the preparatory materials did not enter the picture in either case. Evidently, too, the domains shown in the fracture surface and in the dried emulsion were families of macromolecules. They were termed micelles by Eirich and Mark4 in 1950. The boundaries of both discrete macromolecules and micelles may be observed in various portions of an acrylic fiber,5 that is, at least two of the levels6 of macromolecular organization must be considered. Multimacromolecular units can now be explained in the light of Gillespie's recent publi~ation.~

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Resinography of Some Consolidated Separate Resins

Abstract: An unstressed single physical-chemical phase of any resin is characteristically without structure under a light microscope of even the highest resolving power.Generally, only polyphased resin systems manifest light-microscopical structure.

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Chemical Microscopy

Chemical Microscopy

The fracture toughness and fracture morphology of polyester resins

Microscopic domains in some synthetic polymers

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