Resin infusion in porous preform in the presence of HPM during VARTM: Flow simulation using level set and experimental validation

Adhikari, Debabrata; Gururaja, Suhasini; Hemchandra, Santosh

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106641

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…When the scale is upgraded to meso and macro scales, Darcy's law is suitable to be implemented to describe the porous flow. 4,5 For the domain of free flow, Navier-Stokes equation is still available. Meanwhile, since the order of these two equations are different, appropriate conditions should be developed on the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to simulate the resin infusion process by two phases coupling free and porous flows intra and inter fiber tows of liquid composite molding

Huang

Qin

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this work, a coupling Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes-Darcy two-phase flow model is developed to simulate the resin infusion process intra and inter fiber tow. Navier–Stokes equation is applied in the free flow region while two phases Darcy’s law governs flow in the porous medium. The refined “BJS” (Beavers-Joseph-Saffman) condition is included as the coupling interface condition to solve the two phases and two mediums coupling problems. Flow flux, normal stress and velocity conversations are also taken into consideration as the interface conditions. Transient resin flow front tracking is carried out by adopting Cahn-Hilliard equation in the free flow region based on this novel coupling method and results are compared with quasi realistic model to verify the accuracy of this novel method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to simulate the resin infusion process by two phases coupling free and porous flows intra and inter fiber tows of liquid composite molding

Huang

Qin

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Subsequently, some authors have proposed other approaches. Among them, the approach [23], which is based on the use of a lumped model that considers the vacuum infusion process as a dynamic system and significantly reduces the computational complexity, as well as approaches aimed at increasing the accuracy of reconstruction of the moving resin front using the level set [24] and the phase field equations [25,26]. Due to the fact that the process of vacuum infusion includes several interacting phenomena of different nature, all the numerical modeling methods require many experimental data obtained by independent, rather sophisticated methods, and empirical dependences between the process parameters built on the basis of these data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Criteria Decision Approach to Design a Vacuum Infusion Process Layout Providing the Polymeric Composite Part Quality

Shevtsov

Zhilyaev

Chang³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The increasingly widespread use of vacuum assisted technologies in the manufacture of polymer-composite structures does not always provide the required product quality and repeatability. Deterioration of quality most often appears itself in the form of incomplete filling of the preform with resin as a result of the inner and outer dry spot formation, as well as due to premature gelation of the resin and blockage of the vacuum port. As experience shows, these undesirable phenomena are significantly dependent on the location of the resin and vacuum ports. This article presents a method for making a decision on the rational design of a process layout. It is based on early forecasting of its objectives in terms of quality and reliability when simulating its finite element model, on the correlation analysis of the preliminary and final quality assessments, as well as on the study of the cross-correlation of a group of early calculated sub-criteria. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the example of vacuum infusion of a 3D thin-walled structure of complex geometry.

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“…During infusion, the spatio-temporal pressure gradient in the preform drives the flow front toward the outlet port. 4,5 The presence of a flexible vacuum bag on top and the saturation level in the porous preform creates the spatio-temporal variation in compaction pressures, fiber volume fraction (Vf), and permeability. Three saturation regions appear locally, corresponding to the associated saturation level: fully saturated, partially saturated, and the dry areas near the flow front.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, during infusion, the explicit variation of preform Vf as a function of compaction pressures has been studied in. 4–7 Notably, the permeability of the preform during infusion is one of the most critical components to infer the level of saturation and the time to fill the preform. During infusion, the compaction and relaxation of the flexible vacuum bag on top of the preform were modeled by the viscoelastic spatio-temporal responses of local preform Vf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1D VI model with HPM fails to predict the 2D spatio-temporal variation of compaction pressure, resin velocities, and history of lead–lag during infusion. 20 Adhikari et al 4 presents the 2D depth-averaged approach on two separated layers of HPM and preform to capture the influence of spatio-temporal variation of preform compaction, Vf, permeability, and the prediction of lead–lag between the top and bottom of the preform during infusion. However, in practice, the model’s geometry is often complex and influences resin infusion necessitating careful investigation of the location of infusion ports, prediction of flow fronts, and preform thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resin infusion in porous preform in the presence of HPM considering complex geometry and gravity: Flow simulation and experimental validation

Adhikari

Gururaja

Hemchandra

et al. 2022

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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Present work demonstrates the complete numerical modeling and experimental validation of transient incompressible two-phase flow during vacuum infusion (VI) in the presence and absence of high permeability media (HPM) considering gravity effects. Coupled flow modeling based on continuity equations, Darcy’s law for porous media flow, including gravity effects with level set front tracking algorithm, has been developed on the multiblock-structured grid with higher-order finite-difference framework to predict the spatio-temporal preform saturation during infusion with/without HPM on the complex mold configurations. The model-predicted instantaneous change in pressure, thickness elevation, fill time, flow front positions, and influence of gravity have been validated with experiments for horizontal and vertical flat plates using pressure sensors and digital cameras. For the first time, the complete modeling and experimentation of transient VI in the presence or absence of HPM, including gravity, shows the ability to predict realistic preform saturation during VI in different mold geometry.

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Resin infusion in porous preform in the presence of HPM during VARTM: Flow simulation using level set and experimental validation

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

A novel approach to simulate the resin infusion process by two phases coupling free and porous flows intra and inter fiber tows of liquid composite molding

A novel approach to simulate the resin infusion process by two phases coupling free and porous flows intra and inter fiber tows of liquid composite molding

Multi-Criteria Decision Approach to Design a Vacuum Infusion Process Layout Providing the Polymeric Composite Part Quality

Resin infusion in porous preform in the presence of HPM considering complex geometry and gravity: Flow simulation and experimental validation

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